r 


■H  .^i» 


J^-  ^ 


/7 


i 


i 


^^■■■^ 


i 


ill 


^ 


■  ^  >>  ;q  ^,  v^ 

■^*0  HD    a.  <B 


■  '^i  ' ,  ^   ^  \, 


' ,  i  ^  v>i  n   u 


•^A< 


W 


;;t 


I?  /,s,   ■' 


i  ;i  1 7 , 

M    <    .1  fi 


THE 

INFANTRY  EXERCISE 


OF   THE 

UJriTEJ)  STATES  dKMF, 
ABRIDGED 

FOR  THE  USE 
OF  THE 

MILITIA. 

OF   THE 

UNITED  STATES, 


THIRD  EDITION, 
CORRECTED    AND    IMrROVED. 


POUGHKEBPSIE  : 

PRINTED   AND   PUBLISHED   BY   P.   POTTER, 

FOR   HIMSELF,   AND    FOR    S.    POTTER   &    CC» 

NO.    55f    CHESNUT-STREET, 

PHILADELPHIA, 

1819, 


'V 


SOUTHERN  DISTRICT  OP  NEW-YORK,  ss. 

Be  it  remembered,  That  on  the  seventeenth  day  of  A- 
pril,  in  the  forty-first  year  of  the  Independence 
rr-^^-^-x  of  the   United   States  of  America,    Paraclete 
<  L.  S.  >  Potter,  of  the  said  District   has  deposited  in 
^  v^yN-/  J  this  office  the  title  of  a  book  the  right  where- 
of he    claims  as  proprietor  in   the   words  fol- 
lowing, to  wit  : 

*'  I'he  Infantry  Exercise  of  the  United  States  Army, 
abridged  for  the  use  of  the  Militia  of  the  United  States." 
In  conformity  to  the  Actof  the  Congress  of  the  United 
States,  entitled  "  An  Act  for  the  encourage  ment  of  Learn- 
H)g,  by  securing  the  copies  of  Maps,  Chr.rts,  and  Books  to 
the  authors  and  propiiftors  of  such  coj)ies,(Iuring  the  time 
therein  mentioned,"  And  also  to  an  Act,  entitled  "an 
Act,  supplementary  to  an  Act,  entitled  an  act  for  i\n  en- 
couragement ofLeansing,  by  securing  the  copies  of  Maps, 
Charts,  and  Books  to  (ht  aiUliors  an«J  proprietors  of  such 
copies,  during  the  times  therein  mentioned,  and  extending 
the  benefits  thereof  to  the  arts  of  d?  sigiiing,  engraving, 
and  etching  historical  ?*nd  other  prints.'* 

THEUON  IIUDD. 
Clerk  of  the  Southevn  District  of  jyerv-Tork, 


TO 

Maj.  Gen.  fTUVFIELD  SCOTT, 

THIS  ABRIDGMENT 

OF    THE 

INFANTRY  EXERCISE 

OF    THE 

ABMF  OF  THE  UJ^ITED  STATES 

IS   RESiPECTFULLY   DEDICATED, 

As  a  slight  testimony  of  the  high  re- 
gard entertained  for  his  character, 

AS   A   CITIZEN  AND   SOLDIER,   BY 

THE  AUTHOR. 


TO  THE  PUBLIC. 


The  Work,  published  by  order  of  the  War  De- 
partment, entitled  '*  Rules  and  Regulations  for  the 
Field  Exercise  and  Manoeuvres  of  Infantry,  compiled 
and  adapted  to  the  organisation  of  the  Army  of  the 
United  States,  agreeably  to  a  resolve  of  Congress,'* 
by  a  board  of  officers,  composed  of  Maj.  Gen.  Soott 
and  others,  having  been  adopted  as  the  standard 
of  discipline  in  the  army  of  the  United  States, 
several  of  the  State  legislatures,  in  order  that  their 
fnilitia  discipline  might  corres{)ond  with  that  of  the 
regular  army,  have  by  law  adopted  the  system 
prescribed  in  this  work,  and  directed  its  obser- 
vance by  their  militia.  Militia  officers  in  gener- 
al, however,  having  but  little  leisure  for  reading, 
most  of  them  have  complained  seriously  of  the  in- 
conveniences of  this  regulation.  They  complain 
that  the  above  mentioned  work,  usually  called 
Gen.  Scott's  Infantry  Exercise,  is  unnecessarily 
large  for  their  use,  and  quite  too  expensive. 

To  obviate  these  objections  to  Gen.  Scott's 
work,  a  gentieriian  of  competent  talents  was  enga- 
ged to  make  an  abridgment  of  it.  In  executing 
this  task,  it  has  been  the  Compiler's  design,  to  re- 
duce Gen.  Scott's  work  to  a  simple  Manual,  for 
the  instruction  of  Militia  men  in  their  ordinary 
duty.  Pursuant  to  this  design,  the  "  Evolutions  of 
the  Line,''  have  of  course  been  omitted ;  and  most 
other  parts  of  the  work  have  also  been  very  much 
abridged. 

This  abridgment  has  been  submitted  to  the  ex» 
amination  of  several  intelligent  and  practical  mil- 
itary gentlemen,  whose  opinion  of  its  merits  the 
reader  will  find  in  the  following  Recammcndalions — 


RFC  OM  M  EN  D  ATI  ON  S . 

Fro7n  his  Ex»  the  Fice- President  of  the  U.  States* 

Castleton,  Staten  Island,  (N.Y).  June  30,  l81 7. 

Sir — I  have  read  the  abrid^;ment  of  the  Ii)tantry  Ex- 
ercise of  the  Army  of  the  United  states,  which  you  have 
published.  A  manual  compiled  from  the  system  of  dis 
cipline  adopted  by  Congress  is  much  wanted  ;  and  yours, 
being  concise,  intelligible  and  cheap,  and  accurately  and 
judiciously  executed,  will  be  convenient,  instructive  and 
useful  to  Militia  officers.  I  sincerely  hope  the  work  will 
receive  a  patronage  equal  to  its  merits;  and  am  respect- 
ftdly.  Sir,  yours  &e.  DANIEL  D.  TOMPKINS. 

Mr.  E*araclete  Potter. 

Maj.  Gen-  Tallmadge  has  given  us  thefollowing  recommtndation 
Poughkeepsie,  June  24,  1817. 
Dr.  Sir — I  h;)ve   examined  **  the    Infantry  Exercise  of 
tbe  U.  States  Army,  abridged  for  the  use  of  the  Militia  of 
the   United  States,"  and    published    by  you.     The   plau 
appears   to   be   welt  chosen,    and   judiciously   executed, 
and  I  think  tliis  work  will    form  a   valuable  and    conven- 
ient compendiujij  tor  militia  officers.     The  late  law  of  this 
state,  adopting  ihe  rules  and  disciphue  of  the  Army  of  the 
U.  States,  had  rendered  necessar}  some  Moikof  ihe  kii.d 
which  you  now  give  to  the  public. 

Yours,  &c.        JAMES  TALLMADGE,  Jiw, 
Mr.  P.  Potter 

Col  Brush  hasfumished  us  ivith  his  opinion  asfoUo/i'S  .• 

Mr.  P.  Potter, 

Sir — **  The  Infantry  Exercise  of  the  United  States 
Army,  abridged  for  the  use  of  the  Militia  ot  the  United 
States,'^  published  by  you,  I  have  examined  ;  a»»d  am  of 
opinion,  that  the  compiler  has  made  the  abridgment  with 
judgment  and  ability — The  late  Miiitla  law  of  this  state 
seemed  to  require  such  a  work,  au»l  none  could  Ijetter  an- 
swer the  purpose.  JO/IJV  JiUifSIL 
June  24,  1817» 

/J.  Col  Street  expresses  his  approbation  in  ihefolloning  terms  : 
Sir, — Having  perused  with  some  care,  "  The  Infan- 
try  Exercise  of  the  United  Stales  army,  abridged  fou 
the  use  of  the  Militia  of  the  United  States,''  published 
by  you,  and  compared  it  with  the  original  ;  1  do  not  hes- 
kale  lo  offer  it  a»  my   opinion,  that  the  plan  pursued  by 


the  c©mi>iler,  has  been  judiciously  chosen  ;  that  the  dif- 
ferent  parts  of  the  work  are  well  arranged  ami  correctly 
executed  ;  and  that  this  abridgment  will  prove  a  valuable 
acquisition  to  the  militia  r-t'  the  United  States. 

I  am  respectfully  yours,         11.  S.  STllEET. 
Mr.  P.  Potter, 

Poughkeepsie,  June  23,  181T, 

Maj.  Livingston  recommends  the  pjork  as  follows  : 
Mr.  Potter — Sir,  I  have  examined  the  abridgment  of  the 
Infantry  Exercise  of  the  U,  States  Army,  published  by 
vou,  an<l  think  the  compiler  has  done  justice  to  the  work, 
and  that  the  abridgment  will  prove  a  valuable  and  in- 
structive acquisition  to  the  Militia  of  the  United  States. 
1  am  with  respect  your  humble  servant, 

HENRY  A.  LIVINGSTON. 

Poughkeepsie,  Juue  24,  1817. 

Fro?n  his  Ex.  the  Gcvtrnor  of  the  State  o/M  Yn'k< 

Albany,  '25th  Aug.  1817. 
,SVr T  have  perused  with  attention,  "The  Infantry  Ex- 
ercise of  the  United  States  Army,  abridged  for  the  use  of 
the  Militia  of  the  United  States'*  ;  and  I  have  no  hesitation 
iu  addiikg  luy  recommendation  to  that  of  the  respectable 
gentlemen  who  have  heretofore  sanctioned  this  work. — 
I  consider  it  executed  with  judgment  and  skill,  and  weH 
calculated  to  promote  military  knowledoe.  Yours,  Sr,c. 

DE  Wl  IT  CLINTON. 
Mr.  Potter. 

From  Brig.  Gen.Cadwallader^  of  the  state  of  Pennsylvania. 

Sir, —  1  have  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  note, 
and  to  thank  you  for  the  copy  of  your  Abridgment  of  the 
**  Rules  and  Regulfttions  for  the  Field  Exereise  a,nd  Man- 
oeuvres of  infantry,  compiled  and  adapted  to  the  organi- 
zation of  the  Army  of  tbe  United  States,  agreeably  to  a 
resolve  of  Congreps."  A  system  of  exercise  for  the  army 
being  now  established,  it  is  highly  important  that  the  mill- 
t'«a  should  be  trained  according  to  the  sante  principles.— 
'I'he  high  price  of  the  large  work  has  prevented  its  gener* 
al  circulation  among  the  officers  of  the  militia  ;  they  have 
now,  however,  an  opportunity  of  purchasing,  at  a  cheap 
rate,  an  abridgment,  which  comprises  all  that  is  essen- 
tial in  the  schools  oi  the  soldier  and  the  c/)mpany,  as  to. 
the  manual  exercise  and  movements  ;  givini^  also  the  for- 
mation of  the  Regiment;  the  posts  of  field  and  company 
t>ficers,  regimental  staff,  non-commissioned  officers^ 
urummers,   musicians,  pioaeers,  colour  and  colour-guayd^ 


in  line  and  columns  ;  the  forms  of  escorting  and  receiving 
the  colours  ;  and  the  regulations  for  reviews  of  parade, 
and  inspection  i  with  plates,  and  explanations. 

I  strongly  recommend  to  each  of  the  company  officers, 
and  non-commissioned  officers,  of  the  regiments  under 
my  command,  to  possess  themselves  of  this  manual,  and 
urge  them  to  study  it  with  attention. 

I  am,  Sir,  your  most  humble  serv't. 

THOS,  CABJVALLADER. 
Mr,  Potter. 

Philadelphia,  Feb.  25,  1818. 

From  the  Adjutant  General  of  the  stateof  Connecticia. 
Norwich,  7th  October  1817. 
SIR — A  want  of  time  to  examine  again,  General  Scott's 
system  of  the  Field  Exercise  and  Manceuvres  of  the  army 
of  the  U.  S.  has  hitherto  prevented  my  acknowledging  your 
letter  of  the  lOth  of  last  month,  accompanied  by  a  copy 
of  your  abridgment  of  that  work,  for  which  you  will  please 
accept  my  acknowledgments.  A  liitle  leisure  has  enabled 
me  to  compare  with  the  original,  your  abridged  Treatise, 
which  I  think  ju (Vicious  and  well  executed.  Your  Book 
will  be  highly  useful  for  the  militia,  aud  I  have  no  doubt 
have  an  extensive  circulation  iu  this  stale.  I  am  with 

respect,  yours,  &c.  EBENEZEH  HUNTINGTON. 

Mr.  Potter. 

Fratn  Major  Alden  Partridge^  Professor  of  the  Art 
of  Engineerings  late  of  the  United  Stales'  Army. 

Norwich,  (Vermont)  Nov.  16th  1818. 

Dear  Sir, — I  had  the  pleasure  duly  to  receive  from  the 
hand  of  Brigadier  Gen.  Brush,  the  copy  of  your  abridg- 
ment of  the  Infantry  Exercise  of  the  United  States  Army, 
for  the  use  of  the  Militia  of  our  country.  I  have  perused 
the  book  with  some  attention,  and  have  no  hesitation  in 
giving  it  ray  decided  approbation.  It  appears  to  me  ex- 
tremely well  calculated  to  answer  the  purpose  intended, 
and  ought  to  be  in  the  hands  of  at  least,  every  company 
officer.  Having  long  regarded  our  militia  as  the  only 
true  bulwark  of  our  liberty  and  independence,  and  their 
impiovement,  of  the  greatest  national  importance  ;  I 
shall  ever  consider  it  an  imperative  duty,  to  afford  all  the 
encouragement  in  my  power  to  such  means  as  appear 
calculated  to  accomplish  that  important  end.  Wishing 
you  every  success  in  your  undertaking,  it  so  justly  merits, 
I  subscribe  myself,  with  much  respect,  your  very  obedi- 
ent  servant.  A.  PARTRIDGE. 

Mr.  Potter* 


RULES 


EXERCISE  OF  IKFANTRY. 


This  work  is  divided  into  two  parts  i^— 

Part  i.  under  the  head  of  the  Squad  Exercise, 
teaches  all  that  the  soldier  execnles  ia  forming 
the  company. 

Part  ii.  under  the  head  of  the  Company  Ex- 
ercise, comprehends  the  discipline  cf  the  com- 
pany. 

PART  1. 

SQJJAD  EXERCISE. 

OBSERVATIONS  UPON  THE  WORDS  OP    COMMAND. 

Tlie  words  of  command  should  be  always  ani- 
mated and  loud,  in  propoftion  to  the  number  of 
men  at  exercise. 

There  are  two  species  of  words  of  command, 
viz.  ihose  ci Caution,  and  those  q^  Execution. 

The  words  of  caution,  which  are  here  printed 
in  Italics,  must  be  distinctly  pronounced  at  the 
full  extent  of  the  voice,  dwelling  a  litlle  on  the 
last  syllable. 

The  commands  of  execution,  which  are  dislia- 


10  SQUAD  EXERCISE. 

guished  by  capitals,  must  be  pronounced  with  a 
firm,  short  tone  of  voice. 

Those  words  of  command,  which  are  separated 
by  hyphens,  must  be  divided  in  a  correspondent 
manner  in  pronoucing  them. 

The  drill-officer  is  throughout  this  work  called 
the  instructor. 

POSITION  OP  THE  SOLDIER. 

The  men  should  be  placed  in  one  rank  without 
arms,  at  the  distance  of  one  pace  from  each  other; 
the  heels  on  the  same  linc;  a^  near  each  other  as 
the  conformation  of  the  man  will  admit  of;  the  feet 
forming  with  each  other,  an  angle  something  less 
than  a  right  one,  and  turned  out  equally  ;  the 
knees  straight  but  not  stiff;  the  bwly  perpendicu- 
lar on  the  haunches,  and  leaning*  forward  ;  the 
shoulders  kept  back  and  falling  equally  ;  the  arms 
hanging  naturally  ;  the  elbows  not  separated  from 
the  body,  the  palm  of  the  hand  turned  a  'ittle  out- 
wards ;  the  little  finger  back  or  behind,  and  touch- 
ing the  seam  of  the  breeches ;  the  head  well  up 
without  being  constrained  ;  the  chin  a  little  drawn 
in  ;  and  the  eyes  fixed  on  the  ground  at  the  dis- 
tance of  fifteen  paces. 

The  position  being  established,  the  instructor 
will  give  the  words  of  command. 


SQUAD  EXERCISE.  11 

1.  Eyes — RIGHT. 

2.    FilONT. 

At  the  conclusion  of  the  second  part  of  the  first 
word  of  command,  the  soldier  ^l^ns  his  head  to  the 
right,  but  not  suddenly  ;  so  thaVthe  corner  of  the 
left  eye,  nearest  to  the  nose,  shall  \e  in  a  line  with 
the  buttons  of  the  waistcoat,  his  eye^  being  fixed 
in  the  line  of  the  eyes  of  the  men  of  \^e  rank  he 
stands  in.  \ 

On  hearing  the  second  word,  he  will  tiW  back 
the  head  to  the  direct  position  to  the  front. 

The  motion  of  Eyes — left,  is  executed  by  In- 
verse means.  \ 

The  instructor  should  take  care  that  the   mo-  ^ 
tionsof  the  head  do  not  alter  the  squareness  of  the 
shoulders.  ^^' 

When  the  instructor  sees  it  necessary  to  order 
the  ranks  to  rest,  he  will  give  the  word, 

Rest. 

On  hearing  this  word,  the  soldier  is  not  requir- 
ed to  maintain  either  his  position  or  steadiness, 
but  his  left  foot  must  not  quit  its  place. 

1.  Squad, 

2.  Attention. 

At  the  second  word  the  soldier  resumes  the 
prescribed  position  and  steadiness. 


12  SQUAD  EXERCISE. 

The  facings  to  the  right  and  left  are  executed 
in  one  motion.  The  instructor  will  give  the  word, 

1.  Squud, 

2.  Right  (or  left)  —face. 

At  the  second  word  of  command  turn  on  the 
left  heel,  raising  a  little  the  point  of  the  left  foot 
and  at  the  sam^  time  carry  back  the  right  heel  to 
the  side  of  the  left,  placing  it  on  the  same  line. 

To  the  right  about  face  is  executed  in  two  mo- 
tions. 

1.  Squad, 

2.  Right  ABOUT — FACE. 

At  the  word  about,  make  a  half  face  to  the  right 
and  the  right  foot  must  he  slipt  back  to  (he  rear, 
so  that  the  hollow  shall  be  opposite  to  and  three 
full  inches  from  the  left  heel,  kiying  hold  at  the 
same  time  of  the  corner  of  the  cartouch  box  with 
the  right  hand. 

At  the  word  face,  raise  the  points  of  the  feet, 
and  keeping  the  haras  straight,  turn  on  both  heels 
and  face  to  the  rear,  carrying  back  at  the  same 
time,  the  right  heel  to  the  side  of  the  left,  and 
quitting  the  cartouch  box. 

When  the  soldier  carries  arms,  at  the  first  word 
of  facing  to  the  right  about,  he  turns  his  musket 
with  the  left  hand,  a»  will  be  explained  in  describ- 


SQUAD  EXERCISE.  13 

ing  the  first  motion  oi  loading ;  and  resumes  the 
posif  ion  of  shouldered  a^s,  at  ihe  moment  of  pla- 
cing the  right  heel  in  cob(^act  with  the  left, 

\ 

PRINCIPLES  OF  THE  OtolNARY  STEP. 

The  length  of  the  ordinary  stejvjs  twenty-eight 
inches  reckoning  from  heel  to  hee)sz  and  ninety 
of  these  paces  are  taken  in  a  minuK  The  in- 
structor will  give  the  following  words  : 

1.  Forward,  \ 

2,  Mauch, 

At  the  first  word,  throw  the  weight  of  the  body 
«n  the  right  leg.  At  the  second  word,  step  off, 
smartly,  with  the  left  foot,  projecting  it  a  pace  of 
twenty  eight  inches,  smoothly,  and  without  jerk- 
ing the  body,  the  hams  straight,  the  toes  pointing 
a  little  downwards,  and  the  knees  turned  somewhat 
outwards.  At  the  same  time  carry  forward  the 
weight  of  the  body,  and  without  striking  the  sole 
against  the  ground,  plant  the  foot  flat,  precisely  at 
thedis(9nce  prescribed  from  the  right  loo«  ;  the 
whole  weight  of  the  body  resting  on  the  foot  that 
comes  to  the  ground  Then,  smr.rtly,  bu  with- 
out a  jerk  or  shock  of  ti>e  body,  pi^ss  the  rigbf  foot 
to  the  front,  cariA  ing  it  near  the  grou^^d,  :^nd  plant 
it  at  the  same  distance,  and  in  the    sarie  niMuuer 

as  has  been  explained  relative  to  the  left,  March 
o 


14  SQUAD  EXERCISE. 

ia  this  manner  without  crossing  the  legs,  keeping 
the  shoulders  square,  ami  the  head  always  in  the 
direct  position. 

1.  SquaiL 

2.  Halt. 

At  the  second  word,  which  must  be  given  when 
f^ithcr  footis  coming  to  the  ground,  bring  up  the 
foot  whi<5h  is  in  llie  rear,  to  the  side  of  the  other, 
wither*;  striking  it  against  the  one  planted  in 
fron^  or  against  the  ground. 

PRINCIPLES  OF  THE  OBLIQUE  STEP. 

Pla-tb  II. 

This  step  is  in  common  lime,  ninety  steps  be- 
ing taken  in  a  minute.     In  order  to  make  the  sol- 
dier comprehend  the  mechanism  of  the   step,  the 
instructor   should  take  it  to  pieces,  or  divide  it 
into  two  parts,  as    follows.     The  soldier    being 
steady  in  his  rank,  the  instructor  directs  him  to 
step  off,  with  the  right  foot,  to  the  right  and  front 
obliquely,  aiid  to  plant  it   twenty  six  inches  from 
the  left,  observing  to  make  him  turn  the  point  of 
the  right  foot  a  little  inwards,  to  prevent  the  bring- 
ing forward  of  the  left  shoulder.    At  the  word  two, 
by  the  instructor,  the  soldier   carries  his  left  foot 
over  the  shortest  possible  line,  and  plants  it  eigh- 
teen inches  in  front  of  the  right  heel. 


SQUAD  EXERCISE.  15 

He  continues  to  march  Jia  this  manner,  at  the 
word  one  and  two^  stopping  at  each  step,  and  pay- 
ing the  greatest  attention  to  keeping  the  should- 
ers square,  and  the  head  direct  to  the  front. 

The  oblique  step  to  the  left  is  executed  on  the 
same  principles,  the  soldier  stepping  off  with  the 
left  foot. 

To  make  the  soldier  oblique  to  the  right  and 
left,  withoist  dwellhig  on  the  step,  the  instructor 
will  give  these  words  of  command  : 

1 .  Right  oblique. 

2.  March. 

At  the  second  word,  which  must  be  given  at  the 
instant  when  the  left  foot  is  coming  to  the  ground, 
the  soldier,  who  is  then  marching  to  the  front, 
commences  the  oblique  step  to  the  right,  observ- 
ing to  conform  to  the  above  directions,  relative  to 
the  length  and  execution  of  the  step,  and  square- 
ness of  the  shoulders  to  the  front,  but  without  stop- 
ping at  each  step. 

Obiiqueing  to  the  left  is  executed  on  the  same 
principles,  the  instructor  giving  the  wo"d  march^ 
at  the  instant  when  the  right  foot  is  coiniiig  to 
the  ground. 

In  order  to  resume  the  march  to  the  front  dU 
rect,  the  instructor  gives  the  word, 

1.  Forward. 

2.  March. 


16  SQUAD  EXERCISE. 

At  the  second  word,  which  must  be  given  when 
either  foot  is  coming  to  the  ground,  resume  the 
direct  march,  and  the  ordinary  step  of  twenty 
eight  inches, 

TO  MARK  TIME. 

The  iiistructor  will  give  the  command  : 

1 .  Mark  time,  ^ 

2.  Maugh. 

At  the  second  word,  which  is  given  w  hen  either 
foot  is  coming  to  the  ground,  without  advancing, 
and  at  the  same  time  keeping  the  cadence  of  tlie 
time,  bring  back  the  heels,  alternately  to  the  side 
of  each  other,  thus  making  a  semblance  of  march- 
ing. 

When  the  instructor  wishes  the  ordinary  step 
to  be  resumed,  be  will  command, 

1.  Forward. 

2.  xMaugh. 

At  the  second  woftl,  resume  the  step  of  twenty 
eight  inches. 

1.  Change  Feet. 

2.  March. 

At  the  second  word,  given  w  hen  either  foot  ia. 


SQUAD  EXERCISE.  17 

coffiiDg  to  the  ground,  bring  up  quickly  the  foot 
in  the  rear  just  raised  from  the  ground,  to  the  side 
of  that  planted  ia  front,  and  step  off  with  the  lat- 
ter foot. 

The  march  to  a  flank  u  executed  on  hearing 
these  words  of  command  ; 

1.  Squad, 

2.  Right  (or  kft) — face. 

3.  March. 

At  the  second  command,  face  to  the  right  or 
left. 

At  the  word  March,  step  off  quickly,  with  the 
left  foot  in  common  time. 

The  instructor  wishing  to  halt  and  front  the 
rank,  gives  the  following  words  of  command  : 

1.  Squad. 

2.  Halt. 

3.  Front. 

At  the  second  word,  the  rank  marching  in  file 
baits. 

At  the  third,  each  man  fronts  by  facing  to  the 
left,  if  the  march  has  been  to  the  right  flank,  and 
to  the  right,  if  the  march  has  been  to  the  left  j9aiiki 


3# 


!•  Backwards 

2.  MAACfi« 


18  SQUAD  exercise: 

At  the  word  March,  step  off  back vvanl,  with  the- 
left  foot,  ami  plant  it  at  the  distance  of  fourteen 
inches  from  the  right,  reckoning  from  heel  to  heef^ 
and  so  on  'till  the  word  halt  is  given,  which  should 
always  be  preceded  by  that  o^  squad. 

On  hearing  the  word  halt,  carry  back  the  foot 
in  front,  and  plant  it  by  the  side  of  the'other. 

DRESSINa. 

The  instructor  will  instruct  and  exercise  the  sol- 
diers in  the  mode  of  dressing,  one  by  one,  in  order 
the  better  to  make  them  comprehend  the  princi- 
ples of  the  alignment ;  and  for  this  purpose  he  will 
order  the  two  men  on  the  right  flank  to  step  two 
paces  to  the  front,  and  having  aligned  them,  will 
caution  each  man,  successively,  to  move  up  into 
the  line  of  dressing  oi  the  two  tirst. 

Each  soldier,  on  receiving  the  caution  to  dress 
up  into  the  alignment,  turns  his  head  and  eyes  to 
the  right,  keeping  his  body  in  the  position  of  the 
soldier,  marches  in  the  cadence  of  the  ordinary- 
step,  two  paces  to  the  front,  shortening  the  last 
step,  in  such  a  manner,  that  the  foot  taking  thia 
step,  shall  be  six  inches  behind  the  new  align- 
ment, when  it  comes  to  the  ground;  (the  new  line 
is  never  to  be  passed  so  as  to  occasio.n  dressing 
back)  then  moves,  steadily  and  without  jerking, 
forward,  by  short  steps  into  the  line  of  dressing, 
keeping  the  bams  6tr(^tched;  and  dressea  up  to 


SQUAD  EXERCISE.  5^ 

ihe  man  who  stands  nex^t  fo  him  in  (he  new  align- 
ment, without  (Ieran^;ing  the  position  of  his  head, 
the  line  of  the  eyes,  op  the  squareness  of  the  shoul- 
ders, so  as  to  find  himself  in  the  lin?  of  direction 
of  this  man,  whose  elbow  he  is  lightly  to  touch, 
without  opening  out  his  arm. 

Dressing  by  the  left  is  conducted  on  the  same 
principles. 

When  the  men  shall  have  learnt  thus,  one  by 
one,  to  align  tliemselves  correctly,  the  instructor 
ViiU  make  a  whole  rank  align  themselves  at  once, 
as  follows : 

Right  (or  left) — dress. 

At  this  word  the  whole  rank,  excepting  the  two 
men  placed  as  a  base  to  dress  on,  marches  steadi- 
ly up  to,  and  places  itself  on  the  new  line. 

The  instructor  seeing  nearly  the  whole  of  the 
rank  dressed,  will  command, 

Front. 

At  this  command  the  men  turn  the  head  to  the 
direct  position  to  the  front,  resuming  their  steady 
posture. 

The  instructor  observing  that  certain  files  are 
not  dressed  on  the  alignment,  will  direct  them  by 
their  number  from  the  right  (th'?  files  having  been 
previously  numbered)  to  dress  up  or  dress  back. 

Dressing  back  is  conducted  on  the  same  princi- 
ples 5  the  soldiers  stepping  back  a  little  beyond 


20  SQITAD  EXERCISE. 

the  line,  and  then  moving  up  to  it  by  taking  small 
steps  to  the  front. 

In  this  case  the  command  given  by  the  instruct- 
or will  be, 

Right  backward  (jot  left  backward) — dress. 

The  instructor  must  inculcate  the  observance^ 
of  the  following  principles. 

That  the  soldier  should  quietly  and  steadily  ar- 
rive on  the  dressing  line' 

That  he  does  not  bend  back  ths  body,  nor  the 
head  forward. 

That  he  turn  the  head  the  least  degree  possi- 
ble and  in  such  a  manner  only,  as  to  be  able  to 
see  the  dressing  line. 

That  he  never  pass  beyond  the  dressing  line. 

That  at  the  word  of  command, /ron^  all  move- 
ment cease,  tbous;h  ihe  soldier  may  not  even  be 
on  the  line  of  dressing. 

POSITION    OF   THE     SOLDIER   AT    ORDERED   ARMS. 
Platb  v.  Fig.  1. 

The  hand  sunk  low,  the  barrel  between  the 
thumb  and  fore-finger  extended  along  the  stock : 
the  other  three  fingers  extended  and  joined;  the 
top  of  the  barrel  about  two  inches  from  the  right 
Bboulder;  the  ramrod  in  front :  the  heel  of  the  butt 
at  the  side  of,  and  against  the  i-oint  of  the  risjht 
foot;  and  the  firelock,  m  this  poBitioD^  perpeadie- 
ular. 


PART  11, 

COMPANY  EXERCISE. 

Method  of  ranking  and  smng  and  of  fanning  the 
company  in  the  habilnal  order. 

The  men  beiog  assembled  on  (he  parade  at  or- 
dered arms,  (he  first  sergeant  will  give  these  words 
of  command : 

1,  Attention. 

2.  Shoulder — arbis. 

One  word  and  two  motions* 

First  Motion. 

Raise  the  firelock  with  the  right  hand  to  (he 
left  shoulder,  placing  the  (eft  hand  under  the  butf> 

Second  Motion. 

Let  the  right  hand  fatl  to  the  right  side. 

POSITION  OF  THE  SOLDIER  ATSHOUL- 
DERED  ARMB. 

Plate  hi.  fig.  1  &  2. 

The  musket  in  the  left  hand,  the  arm  being  a 
iiitle  bent;  the  elbow  hhck  nnd  joined  ro  the  iit?dy 
without  pressure  ;  the  palm  of  the  JbaLd  firmly 


22  COMPANY  EXERCISE. 

against  the  exterior  rounding  of  the  butt ;  the  ex- 
terior edge  of  the  butt  resting  on  the  first  articu- 
lation joining  the  fingers  to  the  palm;  the  heel  of 
the  fore  part  of  the  butt,  resting  between  the  first 
and  second  fingers;  the  thumb  above  in  front; 
the  third  and  little  finger  under  the  butt;  which 
must  be  supported;  and  more  or  less  l<ept  back, 
according  to  the  conformation  of  the  man,  in  such 
a  manner,  that  the  firelock,  seen  from  the  front, 
way  rest  always  perpendicular,  and  that  the 
movement  of  the  thigh  in  marching  may  not  raise 
or  distu^-b  it  in  its  perpendicular  position;  the 
ramrod  againpt  the  point  nearly  of  the  shoulder ; 
and  the  rij^ht  haiul  and  arm  hanging  naturally. 

The  men  wiil  then  fall  into  one  rank  iadis« 
criminately,  and  dress  to  the  right. 

The  Sergeaut  then  commands: 

1.  Attention. 

2.  Company. 
3.  Right — FACE. 

4  March. 

Upon  the  third  word  being  given,  the  whole 
rank  face  to  the  right;  when  the  fourth  is  pro- 
nounced, the  tallest  men  proceed  to  the  right,  and 
the  shortest  to  the  left,  slill  preserving  the  rank 
entire,  aud  changing  plpxes,  so  thnt  the  tallest 
man  ahail  be  on  the  right,  the  next  ia  height  the 


COMPANY  EXERCISE.  23 

second  on  the  right,  and  so  on  successively,  until 
the  shortest  man  in  the  company  is  on  the  ex- 
treme left. 

The  Sergeant  then  orders  : 

1.  Front, 

2.  Right — DRESS. 

On  hearing  the  first  word  the  rank  will  front ; 
upon  hearing  the  second  they  will  dress. 

The  sergeant  then  directs  the  man  on  the  right 
to  call  one,  the  next  two,  and  so  on,  alternately, 
until  he  has  gone  through  the  whole. 

The  following  commands  are  then  given  : 

1 .  Forin  ranks. 

2.  March. 

3.  Front. 

Upon  the  word  march  being  pronounced,  the 
men  who  called  the  number  two,  step  back  ob- 
liquely to  the  right,  one  pace,  so  as  to  cover  the 
right  hand  man ;  upon  the  third  word,  they  front 
as  usual. 

The  company  is  then  by  the  sergeant  to  be 
divided  into  two  platoons,  called  the  first  and  se- 
cond platoons. 

The  word  will  then  be  given, 
1.  Second  platoon. 


24  COMPANY  EXERCISE. 

2.  For7vard— March. 

3.  Halt. 

4.  Dress. 

At  the  word  march,  the  second  platoon  will  ad- 
vance one  pace,  halt  and  dress. 
The  sergeant  then  orders  .* 

1.  Platoons 

^.2,  Right andlcft^^Y ACE, 

3.  Mauch. 

At  the  word  face,  the  first  rank  of  each  platoon 
faces  to  the  right,  and  the  rear  rank  to  the  left.  At 
the  word  anarch,  the  man  on  the  right  of  the  front 
rank  of  the  first  platoon,  stands  firm,  the  others 
closing  upon  him  ;  the  men  of  the  rear  rank  march 
successively,  face  to  the  right,  and  form  on  the  left 
of  the  front  rank.  At  the  word  march,  the  second 
platoon  follows  the  directions  given  to  the  first, 
excepting  that  the  front  rank  advances,  followed 
by  the  rear  rank,  both  forming  in  front  of  the  first 
platoon,  and  thus  becoming  the  front  rank  of  the 
company. 

The  sergeant  then  orders, 

Front. 

At  which  word  the  whole  f?!ce  to  the  front,  and 
the  company  is  thus  formed  into  two  ranks ;  the 


COMPANY  EXERCISE.  2b 

(allest  men  alternately  on  the  right  and  left  of  the 
ranks  to  which  they  belong ;  and  the  files  of  the 
rear  rank,  successively  taller  than  those  of  the 
same  files  before  them. 

This  being  accomplished,  the  sergeant  will  di- 
vide the  company  into  platoons  and  sections,  and 
post  the  non-commissioned  officers  and  gioneers 
in  the  following  manner  : 

Plate  1. 

The  second  sergeant  in  the  rank  of  file-clos- 
ers, two  paces  in  the  rear  of  the  left  of  the  second 
platoon.  This  sergeant,  in  the  eviplutions,  is  the 
guide  of  the  left  of  his  company. 

The  third  sergeant  in  the  rank  of  file-closers, 
covering  the  third  file  of  the  fourth  section. 

The  fourth  sergeant,  in  the  rankoffileclosersj 
covering  the  third  file  of  the  second  section. 

(The  fifth  sergeant,  in  the  rank  of  file-closers, 
covering  the  third  file  of  the  third  section.) 

The  corporals,  according  to  their  height,  on  the 
right  and  left  of  the  company,  in  the  rear  in  pref- 
erence to  the  front  rank. 

(The  pioneer,  in  the  rank  of  file  closers,  oppo* 
site  the  centre  of  the  second  section.) 

Method  of  ranking  and  sizing  and  of  forming  the 
company  iii  the  occasional  order  of  three  deep. 

The  company,  having/orme<fr«?iA 9  as  in  the 
3 


26  COMPANY  EXERCISE. 

habitual  order  is  then  by  the  first  sergeant,  told 
off  into  three  divisions  from  the  right.  1st,  2d 
and  3d  divisions      He  then  cOmilaauds, 

1.  2d  and  3d  divisiom^  forward. 

2.  March. 

5.  Halt. 

4.  Dress. 

At  the  word  triarchy  the  second  division  steps 
forward  one  pace,  halts  and  dresses;  the  third 
division  steps  forward  two  pace  s,  h  ilts  and  dress- 
es. Tiie  sersreant  then  proceeds  as  in  the  habit- 
ual order,  substi tiring  the  word  division  for  pla- 
toonj  and  forming  ihe  second  division  in  front  of 
the  first,  and  the  third  in  front  of  the  second. 

The  company  being  formed  in  the  habitual  or- 
der of  two  deep,  the  captain  takes  the  command. 

Plate  i. 

STATION    Of    THE    OFFICERS. 

The  captain  in  the  front  rank,  on  the  right  of 
his  company. 

The  first  lieutenant  in  the  rank  of  file-closers, 
two  paces  in  the  rear  of  the  centre  of  the  second 
platoon. 

(The  second  lieutenant  in  the  rank  of  file-clo- 
sers, two  paces  in  the  rear  of  the  centre  of  the  first 
platoon. 


COMPANY  EXERCISE.  27 

(The  third  lieutenant  in  the  rank  of  file  closers, 
two  paces  in  the  rear  of  the  left  of  the  first  platoon.) 

The  ensign  in  the  rank  of  file  closers,  two  pa- 
ces in  the  rear  of  the  centre  of  the  fourth  section. 

The  station  of  the  first  sergeant  is  in  the  rear  of 
the  captain,  covering  hhn  in  the  rear  rank.  In  the 
evolutions,  this  sergeant  is  named  the  covering 
sergeant,  and  will  be  the  guide  of  the  right  of  his 
company. 

FROM    TWO    RANKS   FORMING   INTO    THREE. 

The  company  being  told  off  in  three  divisions 
from  right  to  left ;  the  captain  commands, 

Form  three — deep. 

On  which  the  third  division  instantly  steps 
back  one  pace ;  he  then  orders, 

Right— 'FKCYl. 

At  the  word /ace  the  thit  d  division  faces  to  the 
right ;  the  man  on  the  right  of  the  front  rank  on 
facing,  disengages  a  little  to  his  right.  The  word 
is  then  given, 

March. 

When  the  front  rank  men  of  the  third  division 
step  off,  those  of  the  rear  rank  mark  the  time,  un« 
til  they  have  passed,  and  then  follow.  When 
the  leading  man  has  got  to  the  right  of  the  com* 
pany,  the  captain  orders, 


28  COMPANY  EXERCISE. 

1.  Halt. 

2.  Front. 

Upon  which  each  man  halts,  faces  to  his  left, 
and  instantly  covers  his  proper  file  leader. 

FROM  THREE  RANKS  FORMING  INTO  TWO. 

The  company  being  halted,  and  divided  into 
two  platoons,  the  captain  orders, 

Form  two — deep. 

Upon  which  the  rear  rank  men  of  the  second 
platoon  instantly  step  back  one  pace ;  the  captain 
then  orders, 

Left — FACE. 

When  the  rear  rank  of  both  platoons  face  to  the 
left ;  he  then  gives  the  word, 

March. 

On  which  the  men  of  the  rear  rank  of  the  se- 
cond platoon  step  short,  until  those  of  the  first  get 
up  to  them.  They  then  move  on  with  them  in 
file ;  as  their  rear  is  clearing  the  left  flank  of  the 
company,  the  captain  (who  has  shifted  to  this 
flank  during  the  movement)  commands, 

1.  Halt. 

2.  Front. 

3.  Right  forward^DUEUK. 


COMPANY  EXERCISE.  29 

And  immediately  dresses  them  on  the  front 
rank  of  the  company,  and  resumes  his  place  on 
the  right. 

When  the  captain  is  instructor,  the  next  in 
rank  performs  the  duties  of  the  captain  in  the 
drill,  and  is  posted  accordingly. 

The  company  exercise  is  divided  into  six 
lessons. 

LESSON  I. 

OPEN    RANKS. 

The  company  being  drawn  up  in  the  habitual 
order,  the  instructor  orders  the  file-closer  nearest 
to  the  left,  to  post  himself  on  the  left  of  the  front 
rank. 
,,.    He  then  orders, 

1.  Attention, 

2.  Company. 

3.  Rear  ranks  open  order. 

At  the  third  word  of  command,  the  covering 
sergeant  and  the  file-closer,  placed  on  the  left  of 
the  company,  nimbly  step  back  four  paces  to  the 
rear  of  the  rear  rank,  (estimating  the  distance  by 
the  eye)  and  align  themselves,  in  a  direction  par- 
allel to  the  rank  of  file  closers. 

The  instructor,  at  the  same  time,  proceeds  to  the 
?ight  flank,  in  order  to  ascertain  whether  they  are 


/. 


30  COMPANY  EXERCISE. 

parallel  to  the  front ;  and  if  necessary,  quickly  ad- 
justs their  positions,  giving  afterwards  the  word, 

4.  March. 

At  this  word  the  front  rank  stands  firm. 

The  rear  rank  steps  back  in  common  time  with- 
out counting  the  steps,  and  shall  dress  on  the  a- 
lignment  marked  out  for  it,  conforming  to  what 
has  been  laid  down  relative  to  "dressing  back'^ 
under  the  head  of  "  dressing." 

The  covering  sergeant  dresses  the  rear  rank  on 
the  file-closer,  who  is  on  the  left  of  the  rear  rank. 

The  file  closers  behind  the  rear  rank  step  back 
also  at  the  word  marchy  and  dress  at  their  proper 
distance. 

FRONTi  ^ji*^-,^%^/^- 


At  this  word,  the  file-closer  on  the  left  of  the 
rear  rank,  resumes  his  situation  in  the  front  rank. 

AIiIGNxMENT    AT    OPEN    RANKS. 

The  ranks  being  opened,  the  instructor,  having 
previously  numbered  the  files,  will  order  the  three 
men  on  the  right  or  left  of  each  rank,  to  march 
three  or  four  paces  to  the  front,  and  having  dressed 
them,  will  command, 

By  file,  right  forward  (or  ^/i/onmrr/)— dress. 
At  this  word,  tlie  soldiers  of  each  rank  in  open 


COMPANY  EXERCISE.  SI 

file  dress  up,  successively,  to  the  alignment,  each 
of  them  allowing  the  man  next  to  him,  on  the  side 
to  which  tht'  alignment  is  roadcj  to  be  advanced 
two  paces,  bePre  he  quits  the  original  ground. 

Dressing  back  is  conducted  on  the  same  princi- 
ples. 

In  this  case,  the  command  given  by  the  instruc- 
tor ^v>H  be„ 

By  file,  right  backwark  (or  left  backward) — dres*. 

The  instrijctor  seeing  the  whole  of  the  ranks 
dressed,  commands, 

Front. 

At  this  command  the  soldier  turns  his  head  to 
the  direct  position  to  the  front. 

Alifjnm^ nfs  by  succession  having  habituated 
the  soldier  to  dress  correctly,  the  instructor  will 
cause  entire  ranks  to  align  to  the  front  and  to  the 
Tear  in  |)aral!ei  r.nd  oblique  positions  and  direc- 
tions, always  placing:  three  men  as  a  base  of 
alignment  for  each  rank.  For  this  purpose  he 
commands,. 

Right  {oT  left)  forward— BnESS,  or  right  {or  left) 
backward—DhLss. 

In  oblique  alignments  at  open  order,  the  rear 
rank  need  not  endeavour  to  move  by  the  tile  lea- 
der in  dressing,  since  the  object  in  view  in  this 
species  of  instruction,  is  to  exercise  the  soldiers  m 


/ 


32  COMPANY  EXERCISE. 

aligning  themselves  correctly  in  their  respective 
ranks  in  every  direction. 

In  these  various  alignments,  the  instructor  su- 
perintends the  front,  and  the  captain  (i.  e.  the  oflS- 
cer  who  performs  the  duties  of  captain  in  the 
drill)  the  rear  rank,  placing  themselves,  for  that 
purpose,  on  the  flank  to  which  the  dressing  is  made. 

MANUAL  EXERCISE. 

The  execution  of  every  word  of  command, 
should  be  divided  into  distinct  motions ;  and  eve- 
ry motion  be  performed  in  one  second  of  time. 

On  hearing  the  last  syllable  of  the  word  of 
command,  the  soldier  executes  the  intended  mo- 
tion smartly  ;  on  hearing  the  words  two^  and  three^ 
the  remaining  motions  are  to  be  performed. — 
When  the  soldiers  know  thoroughly  the  position 
relating  to  each  motion  inc4uded  in  a  word  of 
command,  they  must  be  taught  how  to  execute 
them  without  dwelling  on  each  separately. 

The  ranks  being  open,  the  instructor  placing 
himself  before  the  right  flank,  so  as  to  see  the 
two  ranks,  orders  the  manual  exercise  to  be  gone 
through  in  the  following  manner.  ' 

WORDS  OF  COMMAND. 

Presmt — arms.  2  motions. 

Shoulder — arms*  2 

Advance'— AJBMS*  3 


COMPANY  EXERCISE.  3a 

Shoulder — arjis.  3  motions. 

Order — arms.  2 

Stand  at — ease. 

Attention, 

SJioidder — arms.  2 

MoTr— BAYONET.  3 

Front  Rank  one  pace  forward-^MARtn, 
Right  about — face. 

Trail — arms.  2 

Pl7^-— ARMS. 

Take — arms. 

Shoulder — arms.  3 
Front  Rank  right  ahout'^T Ac^, 

Support — arms.  3 

Slope ARMS. 

Support — ARMS. 

Carry — arms.  3 

TJnJix—  BAYONET,  3 

Secure — arms.  2 

Shoidder — arms.  2 

Fix BAYONET.  3 

Charge — bayonet,  2 

Sho2dder--AKM8.  2 


Prf^m^— arms. 

Plate  t,  fig.  2. 

One  word  and  two  motions. 


34  COMPANY  EXERCISE. 

First  motion. 

Turn  the  firelock  with  the  left  hand,  the  lock 
outwards,  at  the  same  time,  seizing  the  small  of 
the  stock  with  the  right  hand,  the  firelock  being 
detached  from  the  shoulder,  and  supported  per- 
pendicularly on  the  palm  of  the  left  hand  remain- 
ing under  the  butt. 

Second  Motion. 

Complete  the  turning  inward  of  the  firelock 
with  the  right  hand,  in  order  to  carry  it  perpendic- 
ularly opposite  to  the  left  eye,  the  ramrod  in  front, 
and  the  cock  as  high  as  the  lowest  waistcoat  button, 
holding  the  firelock  with  the  right  hand  at,  and 
under  the  gunrd  ;  seize  it  smartly,  at  the  same  time 
with  the  left  hand  above  the  lock,  the  little  finger 
touching  the  feather  spring,  the  thumb  extended 
along  the  barrel  and  stock  ;  keep  the  left  arm,from 
the  elbow,  joined  to  the  body  without  constraint, 
and  remain  fronted,  without  stirring  the  feet. 

Shoulder — arxMs. 

One  word  and  two  motions. 

First  Motion. 

Spring  up  the  firelock  to  the  left  shoulder,  with 
the  right  hand,  turning  the  barrel  outwards,  and 
let  fall  the  left,  to  support  it  under  the  butt. 


COMl»ANY  EXERCISE.  35 

Second  Motion. 

Let  fall  the  right  hand  briskly  to  i(s  position. 

Advance— ARMS 

One  word  and  three  motion*. 

First  Motion. 

Grasp  the  firelock  wKh  (he  right  hand,  turning 
the  p.ece  out  as  in  the  tirst  molion  of  presenting 
arms.  *■ 

Second  Motion. 
Seize  the  firelock  wKfc  (he  left  hand  as  hi<.h 
»s.he  s„ou,„er;  and  carry  it,  perpendicularly, 
wKh  the  nght  hand,  ,0,  a.,d  ng,,i„st  .he  right  shoul- 
der the  ramrod  ouiwauls,  the  right  arm  almost  at 
the  full  extent,  the  right  hand  grasping  the  cock 
and  guard. 

Third  Motion. 
Let  the  left  hand  fall  to  its  natural  position. 

One  word  and  three  motions. 

First  Motion. 

Detach  the  firelock  from  the  right  shoulder,  car- 
rj'.ng  ,t  perpendicularly,  opposite  to.  and  between 
the  eyes  ;  seize  it  with  the  left  hand  at  thehei-^ht 


56  COMPANY  EXERCISE. 

of  the  neck;  lay  hold  of  it  with  the  right  haad 
at  the  small  of  the  stock ;  steadying  it  at  the 
height  of  the  lowest  waistcoat  button,  with  the 
ramrod  to  the  front. 

Second  Motion* 

Raise  the  firelock  with  the  right  hand,  the  thumb 
extended  on  the  plate  opposite  the  lock,  turning 
the  barrel  outward,  and  place  the  firelock  at  the 
left  shoulder,  letting  fall,  at  the  same  time,  the 
left  hand  under  the  butt. 

Third  Motion. 
tet  the  right  hand  fall  to  its  place. 
Order — arms. 

One  word  and  two  ^notions. 
First  Motion. 

Sink  down  smartly,  the  firelock  to  the  full  ex- 
tent of  the  left  arm;  seizing  it  at  the  same  time 
with  the  right  hand,  above  and  near  the  tail  pipe; 
carry  it  opposite  to  the  right  shoulder ;  the  ram- 
rod in  front,  the  little  finger  behind  the  barrel,  the 
butt  three  inches  from  the  ground,  the  right  hand 
and  fore  arm  su})ported  against  the  haunch,  the 
firelock  perpendicular,  and  the  left  hand  hanging 
freely  by  the  side. 


COMPANY  EXERCISE.  37 

Second  Moiien, 

Let  the  firelock  slip  through  the  hand,  and  fall 
€asy  to  the  ground,  without  striking  against  it. 

Stand  ai — ease. 

■  Place  the  right  foot  about  six  inches  behind  the 
left,  resting  the  weight  of  the  body  principally  on 
the  right  leg ;  and  slightly  bending  the  left  knee  ; 
join  the  hands  before  the  body,  the  upper  part  of 
the  firelock  resting  against  the  right  shoulder,  the 
eyes  to  the  front,  and  the  attitude  unconstrained. 

Attention. 

Resume  the  position  of  ordered  arms. 

Inspection  of — arms. 

I    '^^■'^:  One  word  and  one  motion. 

Face  once  and  a  half  to  the  right,  on  the  left 
heel,  carry  the  right  foot  perpendicularly  to  tlie 
rear  of  the  line,  six  inches  from,  and  forming  a 
right  angle  with  the  line  of  the  left ;  seize  the  fire- 
lock smartly  with  the  left  hand  raised  to  the  level 
of  the  lowest  button  of  the  waistcoat,  inclining 
the  muzzle  to  the  rear,  without  moving  the  butt 
from  its  place,  the  ramrod  being  turned  towards 
the  body ;  carry,  at  the  same  time,  the  right  hand 
to  the  bayonet,  seizing  it  by  the  socket  and  shank 
in  such  a  manner,  that  the  extremity  of  the  socket 
may  be  an  inch  above  the  heel  of  the  hand  ^  and 


38  COMPANY  EXERCISE. 

hat  in  drawing  it  the  thumb  may  extend  on  the. 
blade ;  draw  it  from  the  scabbard,  and  fix  it  on 
the  muzzle;  immediately  seize  the  ramrod,  and 
spring  it  into  the  barrel ;  then  face  back  to  the 
front,  standing  at  ordered  arms. 

The  officer  then,  passing  in  front  of  the  rank, 
inspects  successively  (he  arms  of  each  man.  As 
the  inspector  approaches,  raise  or  recover  the 
firelock  smartly  with  the  right  hand,  and  sf  ize  it 
with  the  left  hand  between  the  tail  pipe  and  feath. 
er  spring,  the  lock  Ijeing  outwards,  the  lefr  han*^ 
as  high  as  the  chin,  and  (he  firelock  or>.  osite  to 
the  left  eye;  the  inspector  takes,  and  having  in- 
spected the  firelock,  returns  it  to  the  soldier,  who 
receives  it  with  his  right  hand,  and  resumes  the 
position  of  ordered  arms. 

When  the  inspector ^hall  have  passed,turn  into 
the  position  described  at  the  commencement  of 
inspection  of  arms,  return  the  ramrod,  and  resume 
the  original  front.  \ 

If  instead  of  the  inspection  of  arms,  bayonets 
only  are  to  be  fixed,  at  the  word, 

Fix — BAYONETS, 

One  word  and  one  ^notion, 

Perform  the  motion  of  inspection  of  arms,  ex- 
cept springing  the  ramrod  into  the  barrel. 

If  after  facing  with  fixed  bayonets,  the  inspec- 


COMPANY  EXERCISE.  39 

P  tor  orders  an  inspection  of  arms   with  ramrotl* 

sprung,  at  the  word, 

Spring — RAMRODS, 

One  word  and  one  motion^ 

Put  the  ramrod  into  the  barrel,  as  described, 
*  and  face  to  the  front.     Return  the  ramrod  after 

I  the  inspector  passes,  assuming  the  front.     In  this 

case  the  arms  are  not  thrown  up  to  a  recover  when 
the  inspector  passes  in  front.  If  he  wish  to  satisfy 
himself,  whether  or  not  the  firelock  is  loaded,  he 
can  take  hokl  of  the  small  end  of  the  ramrod,  and 
spring  it  in  the  barrel. 

Bayonets  being  fixed  and  arms  shouldered. 

Front  rank  one  pace  forward — march. 

At  the  word  mareh^  the  front  rank  marches  one 
pace  to  the  front. 

Right  about— FAc^. 

The  front  rank  faces  to  the  right  about. 

Trail — arms. 

Plate  v.Fig.  5. 

One  word  and  two  motions. 

First  motion. 

As  in  the  first  movement  of  ordering  armg. 


4>0  COMPANY  EXERCISE". 

Second  Motion, 

Incline  forward  a  little  the  muzzle  of  the  fire- 
k)ck,  the  butt  towards  the  rear,  and  about  three 
inches  from  the  ground.  The  right  hand  support- 
ed against  the  haunch,  in  such  a  manner  that  the 
bayonets  of  the  men  of  the  rear  rank  shall  not 
touch  those  who  are  before  them. 

Pile — ARMS. 

The  men  of  every  odd  file  pile  arms  with  the 
next  file  below  them;  the  four  men  joining  the 
shanks  of  their  bayonets  over  their  common  cen- 
tre, giving  their  firelocks  no  more  inclination  than 
is  necessary  to  keep  them  firmly  together. 

The  file-closers  carrying  firelocks,  will  pile 
them  together  on  their  line,  opposite  the  centre  of 
the  company,  after  the  arms  of  the  rank  and  file 
are  piled;  and  resume  them  as  soon  as  the  com- 
pany Is  re-«ssembled. 

Sergeants  in  line  with  the  rank  and  file,  will 
place  their  firelocks  in  the  pile  nearest  their  sta- 
tion. 

When  reasserabUd  for  the  purpose  of  resuming 
arms,  the  men  will  arrange  themselves  as  they 
stood  when  piling  arms,  every  man  placing  his 
right  hand  on  his  firelock,  without  moving  it. 

Take — arms. 

Gently  disengage  the  piece  from  the  pile,  as- 
aumin^  the  position  of  trailed  arma. 


COMPANY  EXERCISE.  41 

Shoulder — arms. 

One  word  and  three  motions. 

At  the  word  shoidder,  throw  back  the  muzzle 
and  forward  the  butt,  so  that  the  firelock  be  per- 
pendicular in  the  right  hand  ;  at  the  word  arms, 
shoulder  the  piece. 

Front  rank,  right  abcut-^FACE. 

The^  front  rank  will  face  to  the  front. 
The  instructor  will  then  close  and  dress  the 
ranks. 

Support — ARMS. 

One  word  and  three  motions. 

First  Motion, 

Grasp  the  firelock,  smartly,  four  inches  below 
the  lock,  without  turning  it,  and  raise  it  a  little. 

Second  Motion. 

Quit  the  butt  with  the  left  hand,  placing  the  letl 
fore-arm  extended  across  the  breast,  su[>porruig  [ha- 
cock  ;  the  hand  on  the  right  breast. 

lliird  Motion. 

Let  the  right  hand  fall  smartly  to  its  position. 

Slope ARMS, 

Carry  the  firelock,  indifferently  on  either  should 

d«r,  with  either  hand,  the  barrel  sloped. 

4* 


42  COMPANY  EXERCISE. 

Sw/?porf— ARMS* 

Resume  quickly  the  position  of  supported  arms. 
Carri; — arms. 

One  word  and  three  motions. 

First  Motion. 

Grasp  the  small  of  the  stock  with  the  right 
hand,  brisk Ij. 

Second  Motion, 

Drop  the  left  hand  smartly  under  the  butt. 

Third  Motion. 

Let  the  right  hand  drop  quickly  to  the  right 
side,  and  the  firelock,  at  the  same  time  sink  dowia 
to  its  position  of  shouldered  arms. 

LT/z^x-— B  A  Y  0  N  E  T . 

One  word  and  three  motions. 

First  Motion, 

Sink  down  the  firelock  by  stretching  the  left 
arm,  and  grasp  it,  at  the  same  lime,  with  the  right 
hand  above,  and  near  the  tail  pipe  at  the  swell. 

Second  Motion. 

With  the  right  hand  let  down  the  firelock  along 
ihe  left  thigh  to  the  ground ;  seize  it  with  the  left. 


«^. 


COMPANY  EXERCISE.  4-S 

hand  placed  above  the  right,  carrying  the  muzzle 
opposite  to  the  middle  line  of  the  body  ;  strike  off 
the  bayoQet  with  the  right  hand,  returning  it  into 
the  scabbard,  and  leaving  the  right  hand  near  th® 
iocket  of  the  bayonet. 

Third  motion,        ^ 

Throw  the  firelock  to  the  shoulder  with  the  left 
hand,  seizing  it  at  the  small  of  the  stock  with  the 
right,  and  complete  the  motion  of  shouldered 
arms. 

S^CM/^— ARMS. 

One  word  and  two  motions. 

First  Motion. 

Grasp  smartly  the  firelock  with  the  right  hand, 
the  thumb  on  the  S  opposite  to  the  lock,  and  the 
fore  finger  against  the  cock ;  detach,  at  the  same 
time,  the  firelock,  from  the  shoulder,  keeping  the 
barrel  outwards  ;  seize  the  firelock  at  the  tail-[)ipe 
swell,  with  the  left  hand,  the  thumb  extending  a- 
long  the  ramrod,  the  firelock  perpendicularly  oppo^ 
site  to  the  shoulder,  and  the  left  elbow  lying  flat 
on  the  firelock. 

Second  motion. 

Invert  the  firelock,  turning  the  butt  backwards 
under  the  left  arm,  the  left  hand  remaining  under 
the  swell- tailpipe,  the  thumb  pressing  against  the 


44  COMPANY  EXERClSfT. 

ramrod  to  prevent  its  sliding  out,  the  little  finger 
supported  against  the  haunch,  and  the  right  hand 
falling  at  the  same  time  into  its  position  on  the 
right  side. 

Shoulder-^  A.RUS, 

m 
One  word  and  two  motions. 

First  motion. 

Raise  up  the  firelock  to  the  shoulder,  but  not 
suddenly,  lest  the  ramrod  be  projected  from  its 
pipes ;  seize  it  with  the  right  hand  at  the  small  of 
the  stock  to  support  it  against  the  shoulder,  and 
quit  the  hold  of  the  left  hand,  at  the  same  time 
placing  it  smartly  under  the  butt. 

Second  motion. 

Let  the  right  hand  fall  quickly  into  its  position, 
sinking  at  the  same  time  the  firelock  with  the  left 
hand  to  its  proper  place. 

Fix BAYONET. 

One  word  and  three  motions. 

First  motion. 

Done  as  in  the  first  motion  of  unfixing  bayonet. 

Second  motion. 

With  the  right  hand  let  down  the  firelock  ^^r^ng 
the  thigh,  the  muzzle  being  opposite  the  m  wie 


COMPANY  EXERCISE  4  5 

line  of  the  body ;  seize  it  with  the  left  hand  im- 
mediately above  the  right ;  grasp  with  the  rigkjt 
hand  the  socket  of  the  bayonet;  draw  it  from  (he 
scabbard,  and  carry  it,  smartly,  to  be  fixed  at  the 
muzzle ;  the  right  hand  remaining  at  the  shank  of 
the  bayonet. 

Third  motion. 

As  in  the  third  motion  of  unfixing  bayonets, 

Plate  v.  Fig.  4. 

C/iarg-^—- B  AY  ONET. 

One  word  and  tivo  mciicns. 
First  mciion 

Half  face  to  the  right,  orvthe  left  heel,  placing, 
at  the  same  time,  the  rightToot  square  behind  the 
left  hee^  the  holiow  of  liie  foot  resting  against 
that  bee!;  turn  the  firelock  with  the  left  hand, 
the  lock  outwards,  at  the  same  time  seizing  the 
small  of  the  stock,  two  full  inches  below  \\\e  cock, 
with  the  right  hand,  the  firelock  being  detached 
from  the  shoulder,  and  supported  perpendicularly 
on  the  palm  of  the  left  hand,  remaining  under  the 
butt. 

Second  motion. 

With  the  right  hand,  bring  down  the  fire- 
lock to  the  charge,  into  the  left  hand,  which  seiz- 


46  COMPANY  EXERCISE. 

> 
es  it  a  little  before  the  tail-pipe;  the  barrel  up- 
permost, the  left  elbow  near  the  body,  the  right 
supported  against  the  haunch,  and  the  point  of  the 
bayonet  as  high  as  the  eye. 

Shoulder — arms. 

0«€  ward  and  two  motions. 

First  motion,  ^ 

Turn  to  the  front  on  the  left  heel,  bring  up 
the  right  heel  to  the  side  of,  and  in  a  line  with 
the  left ;  and  spring  up,  at  the  same  time,  the  fire- 
lock with  the  right  hand,  to  the  left  shoulder,  pla- 
cing the  left  hand  under  the  butt. 

Second  motion. 
Let  the  right  hand  fall  quickly  to  its  place. 

PRIME  AND  LOAD  BY  TWELVE  WORDS  OF  COMMAND. 


Load — ARMS. 

2  Motions, 

Open — PAN. 

1 

Uan^/^— .CARTRIDGE. 

1 

Tear — cartridge. 

1 

Trime. 

i 

Shut — PAJ7. 

1 

Cast ABOUT. 

2 

C/iarg-f— -CARTRIDGE. 

1 

ZJran — ramrod. 

2 

Ra77l CARTRIDGE. 

1 

JBefMrn*— ^RAMROD. 

2 

Shoulder-'^KUS. 

3 

COMPANY  EXERCISE.  47 

Load — ARMS. 

One  word  and  two  motions. 

First  motion. 

Half  face  to  the  right,  on  the  left  heel,  placing 
at  the  same  time  the  right  foot  square  behind  the 
left  heel,  the  hollow  of  the  foot  resting  against  that 
heel,  turn  the  firelock  with  the  left  hand,  the  lock 
outwards,  at  the  same  time  seizing  the  small  of 
the  siock  with  the  right  hand,  the  fire  lock  being 
detached  from  the  shoulder,  and  supported  per_ 
pendicularly  on  the  palm  of  the  left  hand,  remain- 
ing under  the  butt. 

Second  motion, 

Siok  Oie  firelock  into  a  slanting  position  with 
the  right  l)and,  the  Isft  meeting  and  seizing  it  at 
the  swell,  near  the  tail  v/ipe,  the  thumb  of  the  left 
hand  point: iig  uf  vard^  along  ihe  swei!,  the  butt 
under  the  forepart  oi  the  right  arm ;  the  breech 
and  sm.rl»  ^Ccck  resting  against  (he  body,  two  inch- 
es, nearly,  ursder  the  right  breasJ ;  the  <^p  of  the 
barrel  as  high  ^s.  the  eyes ;  the  guard  turned  a 
little  outward;  the  left  elbow  supijorted  on  the 
side  at  the  haunch  ;  the  thumb  6f  the  right  hand 
against  the  top  of  the  uan-steel,  above  the  level  of 
the  flint,  and  placed  there  at  the  moment  when 
the  firelock  is  thrown  into  the  slanting  position ; 
the  four  fingers  of  the  right  hand  shut,  and  the  right 


4B  COMPANY  EXERCISE. 

arm  from  the  elbow  to  the  wrist,  lying  along  th« 

?3«tt. 

Open — PAK. 

One  word  and  (fne  motion, 

Tiirow  open  the  pan  with  the  thumb  of  the 
I  igbt  hand,  the  left  resisting  and  holding  the  piece 
liraily ;  apply  the  right  hand  to  the  cartridge  box, 
by  drawing  back  the  elbow,  and  passing  the  hand 
between  the  butt  and  the  body ;  and  open  the 
cartridge-box. 

Hanf//(?— ^CARTRIDGE. 

One  word  and  one  motion. 

Take  the  cartridgtj  between  the  two  fore  fingers 
and  thumb,  and  carry  it  to  the  mouth,  ready  for  the 
teeth  to  act,  the  right  hand  passing  between  the 
body  and  the  butt. 

Tear — cartridge, 

Plate  hi.  Fig.  -i. 

One  word  and  one  motion. 

Bite  off  the  lop  to  the  powder,  holding  the  car- 
tridge from  where  the  powder  has  been  uncovered, 
between  the  thumb  and  two  fore  fingers ;  sink 
down  the  cartridge,  holding  it  perpendicularly 
against  the  pan,  the  palm  of  the  right  hand  turne^l 
tov;ardsthe  body,  and  the  right  elbow  leaning  on 
or  against  the  butt. 


COMPANY  EXERCISE.  4^^ 

PRIME. 

One  word  and  one  motion. 

Sink  forward  the  head,  and  look  down  to  the 
pan  filling  it  with  powder;  press  close  the  top  of 
the  cartridge  at  the  opening  between  the  thumb 
and  fore-finger;  raise  the  head,  placing  fhe  right 
hand  behind  the  pan,  and  hold  the  little  finger 
and  the  third  finger  firm  against  the  back  of  the 
pan. 

Shit — PAN. 

One  word  and  one  motion. 

Hold  the  firelock  firm  with  the  left  hand ;  shut 
the  pan  close  and  firmly  with  the  two  last  fingers, 
bolding  the  cartridge  always  between  the  thumb 
and  two  first  fingers  ;  seize  immediately  the  small 
©f  the  stock  with  the  two  lasl  fingers  and  palm  of 
the  right  hand ;  keep  the  wrist  close  to  the  body, 
and  the  elbow  pointed  to  the  rear,  and  a  little  de- 
tached from  the  body. 

Cast — ABOUT. 

One  word  and  two  motions. 

First  Motion. 

With  the  right  arm  smartly  stretched,  without 
lowering  the  right  shoulder,  swing  round  the  fire- 
lock to  (he  left  thigh,  along  which  the  butt  must 
press  strongly,  turnijog  at  the  same  time,  the  ram- 
5 


50  COMPANY  EXERCISE. 

rod  towards  the  body,  opening  and  letting  the 
piece  slip  through  the  left  hand  as  far  as  tht  mid- 
dle pipe,  the  lock  resting  on  the  thumb  of  the  right 
hand ;  face,  at  the  same  time,  to  the  front,  turning 
on  the  left  heel,  carrying  the  right  foot  forward, 
the  heel  resting  against  the  hollow  of  the  left. 

Second  Motion. 

Plate  hi.  Fig.  5. 

Quit  the  firelock  with  the  right  hand,  sinking 
it  with  the  left  along,  and  near  the  body,  raising 
at  the  same  time,  the  right  hand  within  two  inch- 
es of  the  barrel,  to  the  top  of  it;  let  the  butt  fall 
to  the  ground,  without  striking  with  any  degree  of 
shock;  and  let  the  left  hand,  holding  the  firelock 
a3  described,  rest  against  the  body,  under  fhe  lev- 
el of  the  lowest  waistcoat  button,  the  musket  in 
contact  with  the  left  thigh,  the  sight  of  the  barrel 
opposite  to  the  middle  line  of  the  body. 

Charge — cartridge. 

One  word  and  one  motion, 

Plate  hi.  Fig.  5. 

Glance  the  eye  to  the  muzzle  of  the  barrel ;  turn 
smartly  the  upper  side  of  the  right  hand  towards 
the  body  ;  raise  the  elbow  as  high  as  the  wrist ; 
turn  the  cartridge  into  the  barrel,  shaking  it,  and 
kave  the  hand  reversed,  the  fingers  loosely  doted. 


COMPANY  EXERCISE.  51 

Draw — RAMROD. 

One  word  and  two  motions. 

First  Motion. 

Lower)  smartly,  the  ri^ht  elbow,  and  seize  the 
ramrod  between  the  thumb  and  fore  finger  bent, 
jteeping  the  other  Tingj^rs  shut;  draw  the  ramrod 
smartly,  by  extending  the  arm,  with  the   whole  of 
the  fingers  opened  out;  seize  it   back  handed,  at 
the  middle,  with  the  thumb  and   fore-finger,  the 
palm  of  the  hand  outwards;  turn  it  quick  between 
the  bayonet  and  body,  at  the  same   time  closing 
the  fingers  upon  i{,  the  ramrods  of  the  men  in  a 
rear  rank,  in  turning,  grazing  the  right  shoulder 
of  the  mau  in  the  front  rank,  in  the  same  file,  the 
ramrod  forming  no  angle  with  the  line  of  the  bar- 
re),  and  parallel  to  the  bayonet ;  the  arm  extend- 
ed ;  the  eyes  looking  upwards,  and  the  thick  end 
of  the   ramrod  kept  opposite  the  muzzle  without 
being  entered. 

Second  Motion, 

Enter  the  butt  of  the  ramrod  into  the  barrel,  and 
insert  it  as  far  as  the  hand. 

Ram — CARTRIDGE. 

One  word  and  one  motion, 
Plate  hi.  Fig.  t\ 


i 


^2  COMPANY  EXERCISE. 

# 

Run  up  the  right  hand  to  the  full  extent  of  the 
arm,  to  the  top  of  the  ramrod,  without  letting  it 
fall  into  the  barrel ;  seize  it  with  the  thumb oj)en»^ 
ed  along  it,  and  the  fore-finger  bent,  the  other  fin- 
gers being  shut;  drive  it  forcibly  into  the  barrel, 
ramming  home  twice ;  seize  it  again  by  the  small 
end,  between  the  thumb  and  fore-finger,  both  henf, 
the  others  being  shut,  and  let  the  right  elbow  be- 
close  to  the  body. 

Rdtirn—RA^  hod. 

One  7vard  and  two  motions. 

First  Motion, 

As  in  the  first  motion  of  drawing  ramrod,  bring 
the  sm  Jl  end  of  it  opposite  the  upper  pipe,  and 
hold  it  there  without  entering  it. 

Second  Motion, 

Introduce  the  small  end,  into  the  pipe,  and  slide 
it  to  its  place;  raise  the  right  hand  quickly,  and 
place  it  somewhat  bent,  on  the  upper  end  of  the 
ramrod. 

Sliculder — ^^arm  s. 

One  word  and  three  motions. 

First  Motion. 

Raise  the  firelnck  with  the  left  hand,  alonq;  the 
left  side,  the  left  hand  as  high  as  the  shouldsr,  and 


COMPANY  EXERCISE.  5^ 

the  left  elbow  close  to  the  body,  keeping  the  bar« 
rel  outwasds ;  aad  sink  down  the  right  hand,  in  or- 
der to  seize  the  firelock  at  the  small  of  the  stock. 

Second  Motion, 

Raise  the  firelock  with  the  right  hand,  let  the 
left  hand  fall  to  seize  and  support  the  butt,  car- 
rying back,  at  the  same  time,  the  right  heel  to  the 
side  of  the  left,  and  in  the  same  line;  support  the 
firelock  against,  and  at  the  left  shoulder,  the  right 
hand  touching  the  small  of  the  stock,  without 
pressing. 

Third  Motion. 

Let  the  right  hand  fall  to  its  natural  position. 
Having  gone  through  the  manual,  the  instruc- 
tor proceeds  to  close  the  ranks. 

Rear  rank  close  or«fer— march. 

At  the  word  march  the  rear  rank  close,  in 
common  time,  each  man  covering  his  file  leader. 

ALIGNMENT    OF   CLOSED   RANKS. 

The  alignments  of  close  and  open  order  are  the 
same,  excepting  that  in  aligning  at  close  order, 
the  officer  who  performs  the  duties  of  captain  ia 
the  drill,  superintends  the  front,  and  the  coveriog 
sergeant  the  rear  rank. 

To  rest,  the  iastructor  orders, 

5* 


54    .        COMPANY  EXERCISEr, 

1.  iSi/pporf— ARivrs, 

Or,  Order — arms. 

2.  Rest. 

Afier  the  word  rest  is  given,  the  men  are  not 
required  either  to  be  steady,  or  maintain  their  po- 
sition. This  should  take  place  at  the  conclusion 
of  every  lesson. 

When  the  intention  is  to  permit  the  soUliers  te 
rest  themselves,  but  without  losing  their  dressing ; 
after  directing  arms  to  be  supported  or  ordered, 
the  further  word  will  be. 

On  your  ground  —rest. 

When  this  command  is  given,  the  soldiers  are 
not  required  to  keep  the  body  steady  or  immovea- 
ble, but  they  must  keep  the  left  heel  exactly  in  it* 
place. 

LESSON  It. 

The  instructor  gives  the  folIowiDg  fvords  of 
eemmand : 

1.   ATTENTION". 

2.  Company. 

3.  S&oirf«fer— ARMS. 

He  then  exercises  the  company  in  the  loadings 
zmA  firi  ngs,  in  the  foiloTving  order : 


COMPANY  EXERCISE.  55 

LOAD   IN   CtUiCK    TIME. 

The  object  of  this  species  of  loading  is  t» 
make  the  soldier  understand  and  distinguish  what 
motions,  urid  r  different  words  of  command,  are  to 
begone  through  without  stopping  ;  and  what  mo- 
tions, in  their  CKecution,  require  more  attention 
and  regularity,  constituting  a  pau?e ;  such  as  those 
of  priming,  putting  the  cartridge  into  the  barrel, 
and  ramming  home. 

To  inculcate  this,  the  loading  is  divided  int« 
four  principal  pauses,  denoted  by  words,  as  fol- 
lows. The  first  set  of  motions,  in  quick  time, 
without  any  sensible  pause  will  be  executed  on 
hearing  the  word  of  command  ;  and  the  other  mo- 
tions, without  actually  stopping  at  the  words  twe, 
three  SLn6four. 

Load  in  quck  titne — load* 

Execute   the   two  motions  of  the  word  load 
open  the  pan ;  take  the  cartridge,  bite  off  the  top> 
carry  it  down  to  the  pan,  and  prime. 

Two. 

Shut  the  pan,  cast  about,  turn  the  cartridge  into 
the  barrel,  shaking  and  inserting  it  well. 

Three. 

Draw  the  ramrod>  enter  H,  add  ram  bon^f?^ 

F#wr. 


65  COMPANY  EXERCISE. 

Return  the  ramrod,  and  shoulder  arms. 

Loading  in  quickest  time  is  executed  without 
the  four  pauses  of  loading  in  quick  time. 

Loading  in  quickest  time  being  that  made  use 
of  inaction;  soldiers  should  gradually  be  brought 
to  load  and  fire,  at  least,  three  or  four  times  in  a 
minute. 

In  loading  in  quick  and  quickest  time,  when  at 
the  commencement,  the  troops  come  down  to  the 
priming  position,  the  captain  and  the  covering 
sergeant  half  face  to  the  right,  along  with  thei^  ; 
and  w  hen  the  troops,  in  loading,  cast  about,  they 
front. 

DIRECT  FIRINGS. 

FlUING    BX    COMPANY. 

To  effect  this,  the  instructor  orders  as  follows  : 
1.  The  Compart]/  mil  fire. 
2.  Cmnmence  Firing. 

At  the  first  word,  the  captain  retires,  quickly, 
behind  the  centre  of  his  company,  two  paces  in  the 
rear  of  the  rank  of  file-closers. 

The  covering  sergeant  falls  back  into  the  align* 
men t  of  (he  rank  of  file  closers,  opposite  to  the  in- 
terval he  stands  in  ;  and  this  rule  is  general,  with 
respect  to  the  covering  strgean*.  during  (he  firings. 

On  hearing  the  eecoud  worU  of  commauU;  the 
captain  orderieii 


# 


COMPANY  EXERCISE.  br 

1  Company, 

2.  HEADY. 

One  word  and  three  motions. 

Plate  iv.  Fig. 2. 

Position  of  the  front  rank. 

First  Motion. 

As  in  the  first  motion  of  lon'ing. 

Second  motion. 

Brins;  the  firelock  with  iho  rign^  hnw\  before  the 
middle  of  the  hod)  ;  plnce  Vai'  left  ha;id,  with  the 
VntU'  finorer  totiching  the  feather  spring,  i\n\  the 
thi-  -b  as  high  .is  the  chin,  ;»ointin2;  up  v  Tdsalon^ 
the  vv(  od  of  the  st  ick,  the  {>!ate  op  losile  to  the 
lock,  being  turned  ahiiost  towards  {he  body,  and 
the  ratnrod  lowards  the  front ;  and  apply  at  the 
game  time,  the  (hura'.  4'  the  rij^ht  htUid  to  the  liead 
of  the  cock,  the  f')re-iinp:er  nnder  and  against  the 
guard,  and  tlie  three  other  iiugers  joined  to  the 
first. 

Third  inotion. 

Sink  down,  smartly,  the  ight  elbow,  cocking  at 
the  same  time,  and  seize  the  firelock  at  the  small 
tf  the  stock. 


.8  COMPANY  EXERCISE. 

Position  of  the  rear  rank. 

The  three  motions  done  in  the  same  manner  as 
by  the  men  of  the  first  rank. 

Aim.  ^ 

One  word  and  one  motion. 

Plate  ir.  Fig.  5. 

Sink  down  smartly  the  muzzle  of  the  piece 
slipping  the  left  hand  along  fh<'  stock  as  far  as  the 
tail  pipe;  apply  the  butt  to  the  right  shoulder  ;  let 
the  muzzle  he  a  little  below  the  level  of  the  eye, 
and  the  right  elbow  kept  lowered,  without  being 
pressed  against  the  body  ;  shut  the  left  eye;  sink 
for  want  the  head  in  order  to  level ;  and  place  the 
fore  finger  on  the  trigger. 

Plate  iv.  Fig.  6 

The  men  of  the  rear  rank  will,  at  the  same  time, 
step  with  the  right  toot  eight  inches  to  the  right, 
towards  the  left  heel  of  the  man  who  is  on  their 
Tight. 

In  order  to  habituate  the  soldier  to  the  word 
fire,  he  should  be  frequently  directed  to 

Recover-^ARMB» 

One  word  and  one  motion^ 

Come  to  the  rmsition  of  recovering  arms  firmly, 
as  deFcribed  under  the  eecoad  motion  of  ready^ 


COMPANY  EXERCISE.  59 

remaining  in  the  third  position,  alter  cocking,  ia 
the  third  motion.  ^ 

Aim. 
One  word  and  one  fnotioih 
Done  as  before  described. 
Fire. 
One  word  an  d  one  motion. 
Apply  with  lorce,  the  first  finger  to  the  in...r 
m  hout  lowering  or  tt,rning  the  head,  and  remain 
in  that  position. 

Lojts. 
One  word  and  one  motion. 
Drop  the  firelock,  smartly,  into  the  position  of 
he  second  motion  of  loading,  as  described;  ^ith 

hethumbandforefingerbent,  seize  the  top  of 
the  cock,  the  other  fingers  remaining  shut.     The 

"Z  1 ,!'!,  T  ""'  "'"  '""y  "««»'  »he  right 
foot,  behind  the  lef,,  placing  the  hollow  of  that 
foot,  against  the  left  heel. 
Ja  this  position  the  ranks  are  to  load;  at  the 

Half-cock—wmEhocK. 
On(  word  and  one  motion. 
Raise  thecockto  thehaIf<ock,  takiag  care  not 


60  COMPANY  EXERCISE. 

to  cock  if;  carry  the  right  hand  between  the  butt 
and  body,  and  open  the  cartridge-box. 

When  instead  of  loading,  the  ranks  are  to  come 
to  shouldered  arms,  the  word  will  be  given  : 

Shoulder — arms. 

At  the  word  shotdder,  the  soldier  will  half-cock, 
shut  pan,  and  seize  the  firelock  at  the  small  of  the 
stock.  At  the  word  arms,  they  will  shoulder 
smartly,  and  front. 

To  fire  in  three  ranks  the  following  rules  will 
be  observed.  At  the  word  readt/,  the  front  rank 
will  execute  the  following  motions: 

Front  rank  kneeling. 

One  word  and  three  motions. 

First  motion. 

Turn  the  firelock  with  the  left  hand,  the  lock 
outward  ;  seize  it  with  the  right  hand,  at  the  small 
of  the  st(ck,  as  in  the  first  motion  of  loading; 
and  remain  facing  to  the  front,  turning  the  point 
of  the  left  foot  a  little- inwards. 

Plate  iv.P'ig.  1. 

Second  motion. 

Throw  the  right  foot  smartly  to  the  rear,  fhe 
heel  raised,  and  the  loot  resting  on  the  toes ;  knee! 
down  with  the  right  knee  ten  or  ivselve  inches  in 


COMPANY  EXERCISE.  61 

llie  rear,  and  about  six  inches  to  the  right  of  the 
left  heel,  observing  not  to  come  down  suddenly  ; 
bring  down  the  firelock  at  the  same  time  with  the 
tight  hand,  and  seize  it  with  the  left  hand  at  the 
tail-pipe;  place  the  butt  on  the  ground  without 
striking  it  against  it ;  place  it  in  front  of  the  right 
thigh,  in  such  a  manner  that  th«  fore  rounding  of 
the  heel  of  the  butt,  may  be  opposite  to  the  left 
heel;  and  at  the  same  time  seize  the  cock  with 
the  thumb  and  fore  finger. 

Third  motion. 

Cock  the  piece. 

The  motions  of  the  second  and  third  ranks  are 
the  same,  as  those  of  the  front  and  rear  ranks  in 
the  habitual  order  of  two  deep. 

At  the  subsequent  command,  loady  Avhen  the  or- 
der is  three  deep,  the  following  motions  will  be 
executed. 

LoAi). 

One  word  and  one  motion. 

Drop  the  firelock  smartly  into  the  second  mo» 
tion  of  loading,  excepting  that  the  thumb  with 
the  fore  finger  bent,  will  seize  the  top  of  the  cockj 
the  other  fingers  remaining  shut;  the  men  of  the 
front  rank,  will,  without  stooping  forward,  smartly 
spring  up,  keeping  back  the  right  shoulder,  in  or- 
der to  avoid  the  firelocks  of  the  centre  rank,  and 


62  COMPANY  EXERCISE. 

the  men  of  the  rear  rank  will  carry  back  the  right 
foot  behind  the  left;  placing  the  hollow  of  that 
foot  against  the  left  heel : 

Halfcock — FIRELOCK, 

and  Shoulder  "-ARMS  i 

Are  performed  as  in  the  habitual  order  of  two 
deep. 

0BL1Q,UE  FIRINGS. 

Oblique  firings  are  executed  to  the  right  and 
left,  by  the  same  words  as  the  direct  fires,  with 
this  only  difference,  that  the  words  oblique  to  the 
right  or  left,  follow  the  caution  readi/.  The  men 
in  the  rear  rank,  on  hearing  the  caution,  fix  their 
eyes  on  the  opening  between  the  two  men  in  front 
of  them,  through  which  they  are  to  aim. 

POSITION    OF    THE    RANKS  IN    THE  OBLIQUE  FIRES 
TO  THE    RIGHT. 

At  the  word  rca(h/,hoih  ranks  act  as  in  the  case 
©f  a  direct  fire. 

At  the  word  aim,  the  men  of  the  front  rank  di- 
rect their  firelocks  to  the  right,  without  stirring 
the  feet. 

The  men  of  the  rear  rank  advance  the  left  foot 
about  six  inches,  and  towards  the  point  of  the 
right  foot  of  the  man  of  the  front  rank  of  the  files 
they  respectively  belong  to,  advancing  also  the 


COMPANY  EXERCISE.  63 

body  a  liiile,  by  bending  the  left  knee,  and  di- 
recting their  firelocks  to  the  right.  Both  ranks 
throw  back  the  right  shoulder. 

On  hearing  the  word  load,  both  ranks  resume 
the  position  of  the  direct  fire.  The  rear  rank 
men  draw  back  the  left  foot,  placing  the  heel 
against  the  hollow  of  the  right  foot,  when  bringing 
back  the  firelock  to  the  loading  position. 

OBLIQUE  FIRING  TO  THE  RIGHT  IN  THE  ORDER  OP 
THREE  DEEP. 

At  the  word  ready,  the  tliree  ranks  execute  the 
motions  of  a  direct  fire  in  that  order. 

At  the  word  aim,  the  men  of  the  front  rank 
direct  their  firelocks  to  the  right,  by  inclining  the 
left  knee  inwards,  without  deranging  the  position 
of  (he  feet.  In  all  other  respects,  the  oblique  fire 
to  the  right,  is  the  same  as  in  two  ranks. 

POSITION    OF    THE   RANKS    IN    0BLIQ,UE    FIRES    TO 
THE  LEFT. 

At  the  w^ord  ready,  both  ranks  act  as  in  the 
case  of  a  direct  fire. 

At  the  word  aim,  the  men  of  the  front  rank  di- 
rect their  firelocks  to  the  left,  without  stirring  the 
feet. 

The  rear  rank  advant^e  the  left  foot  about  six 
Inches,  towards  the  right  heel  of  the  man  before 
them  in  file ;  and  also  advance  the  upper  part  of 


(54  COMPANY  EXERCISE, 

the  bodj,  bending  the  left  knee  a  little,  and  aiming 
through  the  opening  to  the  left  of  their  file-leader. 

Both  ranks  throw  back  the  left  shoulder. 

At  the  word  load,  both  ranks  draw  back  their 
firelocks  in  the  oblique  position,  in  which  they 
range,  and  prime,  the  rear  rank  men  carry  back 
the  left  foot,  placing  the  heel  against  (he  hollow 
of  the  right  foot ;  and  in  casting  about,  both  ranks, 
take  their  position  as  in  the  case  of  a  direct  fire. 

OELK^UB  FIRING  TO  TtlE  LEFT  IN  ORDER  OF  THREE 
DEEP. 

At  the  word  ready,  the  three  ranks  execute 
precisely  what  has  been  prescribed,  in  case  of  a 
direct  fire  in  that  order  of  foundation. 

At  the  word,  afm,  the  men  of  the  front  rank 
direct  their  firelocks  to  the  left,  without  inclining 
the  knee,  or  stirring  the  feet.  In  all  other  re- 
spects the  oblique  fire  to  the  left,  is  the  same  in 
three  ranks  as  in  two. 

1.  Fire  hy  independent  files. 

2.  Ready. 

3.  Co7n?nenc^— ^FIRING.  "* 

On  hearing  the  second  word  of  command,  both 
ranks  take  the  position  prescribed  in  the  direct 
and  oblique  firings. 

At  the  third  word  of  command,  the  men  of  the 
right  file  in  the  first  and  second  rank,  fire  together } 


COMPANY  EXERCISE.  65 

the  next  file  aim  at  the  i aslant  the  first  has  fired, 
and  come  down  to  the  loading  position,  atid  so 
on  successively  to  the  left ;  but  (his  progression 
only  takes  plaee  during  the  first  fire  ;  every  man 
afterwards  loads  and  fires,  without  waiting  for  the 
rest. 

The  men  in  the  first  and  second  rank  always 
front  in  casting  about ;  and  after  having  loaded, 
spring  up  the  firelock  to  a  recover  with  the  left 
band,  letting  the  firelock  slip  through  the  left  hand, 
which  seizes  it  near  the  feather  springjat  the  height 
of  the  chin ;  at  the  same  time  half  face  to  the 
right  in  order  to  return  to  the  prescribed  position 
of  loading  after  firing;  when  the  firecock  is  sprung 
up  to  the  recover,  the  thumb  of  the  right  hand 
must  be  placed  on  the  cock,  in  order  to  cock  the 
piece,  the  little  finger  being  under,  and  against 
the  guard, 

A  RUFFLE  of  the  DRUiVr. 

On  hearing  this,  the  firing  ceases.  Each  man 
balf  cocks  if  cocked ;  loads  if  unloaded,  and  if  load- 
ing, completes  the  operation  of  loading ;  and  then 
shoulders  arms. 

WHEN  FIRING  IN  THE  ORDER  OF  THREE  DEEP,  THE 
FOLLOWING  ADDITIONAL  RULES  WILL  BE  OBSERVED. 

At  the  words,  coimnence firing,  the  right  file  m 

the  first  and  second  rank  aim  together,  and  fire  ;. 
6* 


66  COMPANY  EXERCISE- 

the  man  ia  the  rear  rank  not  having  to  fire,  loadJs 
and  hands  his  fireleck  to  the  man  in  the  centre 
rank. 

The  man  in  the  front  rank  loads  quickly,  and 
fires  again,  and  continues  thus  to  load  and  firf . 

The  centre  rank  man  having  fired,  with  his 
light  hand  passes  his  firelock  to  the  man  who  is 
in  the  rear  rank  of  his  file,  who  receives  it  with 
his  left  hand,  and  passes  his  own  to  the  man  in 
the  centre  rank,  who  fires,  loads  and  fires  a  se- 
cond time,  before  he  passes  it  back  to  the  man  of 
the  third  rank,  excepting  the  first  time. 

The  man  in  the  rear  rank  always  hands  his  * 
firelock  to  the  man  before  him,  without  cocking. 

Before  shouldering,  after  the  ruffle  of  the  drurtir 
the  men  of  the  centre  and  rear  ranks  will  take  ^ 
care  to  have  their  own  firelocks.  -  f  ' . 

The  soklier  must  observe,  when  he  half-cocks      ' 
after  firing,  whether  smoke  proceeds  from  the  touch 
hole;  if  it  does  not,  in  lieu  of  reloading  he  will 
turn  off  to  the  rear,  in  order  to  prick  the  touch 
hole,  and  prime  a  second  time. 

The  soldier  must  be  careful  in  half-cocking,  that 
ke  does  not  draw  his  piece  back  to  a  cock. 

The  ruffle  should  always  be  followed  by  a  tap 
€f  the  drum;  at  this  signal  the  captain  and  cov- 
ering sergeant  quickly  resume  their  places  in  the 
line,  and  rectify  if  necessary  (he  alignment  of  the 
?ankfo 


COMPANY  EXERCISE.  6f 

rr  there  is  no  drum,  at  the  order  ruffle  by  the 
instructor,  the  firings  shall  instantly  cease;  to 
ensure  which  every  commissioned  and  non-com- 
missioned officer  in  the  rank  of  file-closers,  must 
call  out,  cease  firings  and  the  word  tap  of  the 
drum  stick,  as  a  signal  for  the  captain  and  cover- 
ing sergeant  to  resume  their  original  places,  must 
likewise  be  repeated. 

FIRING  TO  THE  REAR. 

To  accomplish  this  the  instructor  orders  t 
1  The  company  will  fire  to  the  rear^ 
2.  Company. 
3.  Right  ahout'-^FACE. 

At  the  words,  right  about,  the  captain  places 
liimself,  facing,  and  close  against,  the  right  hand 
front  rank  man  of  his  company,  and  tbe  covering^ 
sergeant,  and  the  officers  and  non-commissioned 
officers  of  the  rank  of  file-closers,  following  the 
sergeant,  step  nimbly  through  the  interval  left  by 
the  captain,  placing  themselves,  facing  to  the 
rear,  two  pacee  from  the  front  rank,  and  opposite 
their  respective  places  in  line. 

At  the  word,/ace,  the  captain  occupies  his  in- 
terval in  line,  but  places  himself  in  the  rear  rank, 
BOW  became  the  front,  and  the  covering  sergeant 
places  himself  in  the  proper  front  rank,  now  the 
year,  and  covering,  in  that  situation,  the  captain. 


6$  COMPANY  EXERCISE. 

The  company  facing  to  the  rear,  will,  by  word 
of  command  from  the  instructor,  go  through  the 
different  species  of  firing.  The  captain  and  cov- 
ering sergeant  acting  as  has  been  directed. 

IndepencJent  file  firing,  commences  from  the 
left  flank  of  the  company,  now  become  the  right. 

To  front  the  campany,  the  instructor  orders : 

1  The  company  mllfr&ni. 

2.  Company. 

Right  about — face. 

At  the  word,  right  about^  the  captain,  the  cov- 
ering sergeant  and  the  rank  of  file-closers,  con- 
form to  the  directions  given  above. 

At  the  word,  face,  the  captain  and  covering 
sergeant  resume  their  places  jin  line. 

The  rank  of  file  closers,  are  not  to  fire  unle&a 
especially  so  ordered. 

LESSON  IIL 

MARCHING  IN  LINE. 

The  company  being  drawn  up,  correctly  align- 
ed, for  the  march  in  line,  the  instructor  having 
previously  assured  himself,  that  the  shoulders  of 
the  captain  and  the  covering  sergeant,  are  per- 
fectly in  the  line  of  direction  of  their  relative 
ranks,  and  also  that  the  latter  correctly  covers 
the  former,  places  himself  from  fifteea  to  twenty 


COMPANY  EXERCISE.  6* 

paces  ia  front  of  the  captain,  facing  him,  on  the 
prolongation  of  the  line  passing  between  the  heeU 
of  the  captain  and  the  covering  sergeant. 

The  instructor,  having  aligned  himself,  exactly » 
on  ths  directing  file,  commands  : 

1.  Comvany — forward 

At  this  word  a  non-commissioned  officer,  se- 
lected previously,  from  the  rank  of  file-closers> 
proceeds,  six  paces  in  frgnt  of  the  captain ;  and 
the  instructor,  situated  as  has  been  just  described^ 
correctly  aligns  this  noncommissioned  officer,  in 
the  line  of  prolongation  of  the  directing  file. 

This  non  commissioned  officer,  being  the  per- 
son charged  with  the  direction  of  the  march, 
must,  after  his  own  position  is  fixed,  with  his  eye, 
mark  two  points  on  the  ground,  en  a  straight  line 
proceeding  from  his  own  heels  to,  and  passing  be- 
tween those  of  the  instructor. 

This  arrangement  being  made,  the  instructor 
commands. 

2.  March. 

At  this  word  of  command,  the  company  step 
off  smartly  together;  the  non-commissioned  offi- 
cer charged  with  the  direction  of  the  march,  must 
maintain,  with  the  greatest  precision,  the  length 
and  cadence  of  the  step ;  must  march  in  the  di- 
?ectioa  of  the  two  points  taken  up  in  the  line  be? 


70  COMPANY  EXERCISE. 

tweenhim  and  the  instructor,  in  proportion  as  he 
advances,  and  always  before  he  arrives  at  the 
nearest  of  the  two  points  originally  fixed  on,  ta- 
king up  new  points,  accurately  in  the  prolonga- 
tion of  the  two  first,  and  at  fifteen  or  twenty  paces 
from  each  other;  the  captain  constantly  marches  in 
the  path  traced  out  by  the  directing  non-commis- 
sioned officer,  keeping  always  at  the  distance  of 
six  paces  from  him ;  and  the  soldiers  must  keep 
the  head  to  the  front  direct,  feeling  lightly  the  el- 
bow of  the  man  next  to  them  respectively,  to- 
wards the  side  of  the  file  of  direction,  and  con- 
forming to  the  following  principles. 

To  touch  lightly  the  elbow  of  the  man  on  the 
side  on  which  the  guide  is. 

Not  to  open  out  the  left  elbow,  or  the  right  arm. 
To  yield  to  a  pressure  coming  from  the  direct- 
ing flank,  and  to  resist  that  coming  from  the  oppo- 
site side. 

To  retouch,  very  gently,  and  as  it  were  insen- 
sibly, the  elbow  of  the  man  towards  the  directing 
flank  ;  in  case  he  should  incline  olT  in  that 
direction;  or  in  case  the  person  wishing  to  le- 
sume  the  touch  of  the  elbow,  may  himself,  have 
opened  out  from  the  leading  flank. 

To  keep  always  the  head  direct  to  the  front,  the^ 
eyes  fixed  on  the  ground,  at  the  distance  of  twelve 
or  fifteen  paces  in  front,  on  whatever  flank  the 
guide  may  be  posted. 


COMPANY  EXERCISE.  Tl 

If  a  soldier  finds  himself  too  far  advanced,  or 
too  much  behind,  gradually  to  regain  his  situation, 
cither  by  insensibly  lengthening  or  contracting  his 
step. 

The  front  rank  men  next  to  the  captain, 
must  be  particularly  careful  never  to  project  in 
line  before  him,  nor  push  him  laterally ;  and  for 
this  purpose,  he  must  always  keep  the  line  of  his 
shoulders,  in  a  very  small  degree,  back,  or  to- 
wards (he  rear ;  but,  at  the  same  time,  in  a  direc* 
tion  parallel  to  those  of  the  captain. 

The  rank  of  file-closers  marches  two  paces  io 
the  rear  of  the  rear  rank. 

If  the  soldiers  loose  the  step,  the  instructor  com- 
mands : 

STEP.  - 

At  which  word,  the  soldiers  glance  to  the  dt. 
recting  sergeant,  take  up  the  step,  and  turn  the 
head  again  immediately  to  the  front. 

If  the  com[)any  is  exercised  without  any  refer- 
ence to  its  place  in  the  regiment,  the  instructor 
posts  the  captain  and  covering  sergeant,  sometimes 
on  the  right,  and  sometimes  on  the  left  of  the  com- 
pany ;  but  when  the  company  exercised  is  a  bat. 
talion  company,  if  belonging  to  \>\t-,  right  wing,  the 
captain  end  covering  sergeant  are  posted  on  the 
left,  and  when  belonging  to  the  left j  they  are  post- 
ed on  the  right  flank. 


72  COMPANY  EXERCISE. 

To  halt  the  company  marching  in  line,  and  to 
dress  it,  the  instructor  orders, 

1.  Company, 

2.  Halt. 

At  the  word  haU,  the  company  halts ;  and  the 
guide  is  to  remain  in  his  situation,  unless  the  in* 
structur  orders  him  to  retire  to  his  place  in  the 
line. 

The  company  being  halted,  the  instructor  will 
make  the  three  files  nearest  to  the  directing  flank, 
advance,  and  will  align  the  company  on  them,  as 
a  base  line,  or  he  may  confine  himself  to  rectifying 
the  alignment.  In  the  last  case  the  instructor 
commands 

1.  Right  (or  left}— i)RES9. 

On  which  the  captain  dresses  such  files  as  re*- 
quire  it. 

OBLIQUE  MARCHING  IN  LINE. 


The  company  marching  to  the  front  in  liiie,^" 
will  oblique  by  the  following  commands : 

1.  Right  (or  left)  oblique. 

2.  March. 

At  this  command,  to  be  given,  at  the  instant 
when  the  left  foot  is  coming  to  the  ground,  the 


COMPANY  EXERCISE.  73 

company  will  oblique ;  Ihe  guide  must  give  his 
utmost  attention  to  maintaining  the  squareness  of 
the  shoulder,  parallel  to  the  original  front,  and  to 
oblique  with  an  uniform  movement  and  step ;  the 
ca|)tarn  will  conform  to  the  march  of  the  guide ; 
the  soldiers  keep  up  the  light  touch  of  the  elbow, 
towards  the  side  of  the  directing  flank ;  and  the 
man  next  the  captain,  must  be  careful  not  to  pro- 
ject to  the  front,  before  him,  nor  to  press  him  lat- 
erally. 

To  resume  the  march  direct  to  the  front,  the 
command  will  be, 

1.  Forward, 

2  March. 

At  the  word  march^  which  must  be  pronounced, 
at  the  moment  when  the  foot  is  coming  to  the 
ground,  the  company  is  to  resume  the  direct  march 
to  the  front ;  the  guide  will  place  himself  on  the 
prolongation  of  the  line  of  the  captain  and  cover- 
ing sergeant,  and  marking  two  points  on  that  line, 
proceed,  as  directed  under  the  head  of  marching 
in  line. 

To  mark  time  when  the  company  is  marching 
in  common  time,  to  the  front,  the  instructor  com- 
mands, 

1.  Mark  time, 

Q.  March, 


74  COMPANY  EXERCISE. 

To  resume  the  ordinary  step,  the  commands  are, 

1.  Forward, 

2.  March. 

To  march  in  quick,  from  common  time,  (he  in- 
structor commands, 

1.  Quick  time, 

2.  IMarch. 

The  word  march,  must  be  given  at  the  instant 

"When  either  foot,  indifferently,  is  just  coming  to 

the  ground. 

The  length  of  the  step  is  the  same  as  that  in 

common  time,  but  one  hundred  and  twenty  of  these 

steps  must  be  taken  in  a  minute. 

In  the  charge,  and  in  all  circumstances  requiring 
great  celerity  of  movement,  quick  time  may  be 
carried  as  far  as  one  hundred  and  forty  steps  in  a 
minute. 

Plummets  which  vibrate  (he  required  times  of 
march  in  a  minute,  are  of  great  utility  ;  they  ought 
to  be  in  possession  of  and  constantly  referred  to, 
by  each  captain ;  the  several  lengths  of  plummets 
swinging  the  times  of  the  different  marches  in  a 
minute  are  as  follows: 

Common  time,  ninety  steps  in  a  minute ;  Plum- 
met, 17  inches  »f||  of  an  inch  in  length. 

Quick  time^  120  steps  in  a  minute,  Plummet  9 
inches  -j^l  of  an  inch  in  length. 


COMPANY  EXERCISE.  75 

A  musket  ball  suspended  by  a  string  of  the  dif- 
ferent required  lengths,  will  answer  the  above  pur- 
pose. The  length  of  the  plummet  is  to  be  meas- 
ured from  the  point  of  suspension  to  the  centre  of 
the  ball. 

To  resume  the  common  time,  the  command  is, 

1 .  Common  time. 
2.  March. 

The  word  march,  must  be  given  somewhat  soon- 
er than  it  is,  in  passing  from  common,  to  quick 
time,  and  when  either  foot  is  on  the  ground  in 
the  rear. 

The  company  being  halted,  the  practice  of  the 
back  step  will  arise  from  these  words  of  command- 

1.  Backwards. 

2.  March. 

to  march  in  line,  with  the  rear  rank  leading. 

The  company  being  halted  and  aligned,  the 
instructor  is  to  order  the  march  to  the  rear,  with 
the  rear  rank  leading,  as  follows  : 

1.  Company, 

2.  Right  about — face. 

The  company  having  faced  to  the  right  about, 
the  instructor  steps  nimbly  Mieen  or  twenty  pa- 
ces to  the  front  of  the  leading  file,  on  the  prolon- 


76  COMPANY  EXERCISE, 

gation  of  ths  line  of  ihe  directing  file,  and  cam- 
mands, 

Company — forwa  rd. 

At  Pjis  command,  the  leading  sergeant^  posts 
himself,  at  the  distance  of  six  paces  from  the  line 
of  file  cfosers,  on  the  prolongation  of  the  line  of 
the  directing  file*. 

The  covering  sergeant  posts  himself,  in  the 
alignment  of  the  rank  of  file-closers,  opposite  to 
his  interval ;  and  the  captain  takes  his  place  in 
tlije  rear  rank,  now  become  the  leading  rank. 

This  disposition  being  made,  the  instriiator 
gives  the  word  of  command  : 

Maiich. 

On  hearing  this  word,  all  step  off,  the  guide,  the 
captain,  and  the  soldiers  conforming  to  the  direc" 
tions  laid  down  under  the  head  of  marching  io 
line  to  the  front. 

With  the  exception  of  stepping  hack,  the  in- 
structor, while  the  rear  rank  leads,  will  cause  the 
company  to  practice  all  that  has  been  directed,  ia 
the  case  of  marching  in  line  to  the  front ;  and  the 
words  of  command,  and  procedure  of  execution,  are 
the  si*me  as  if  'he  proper  front  rank  led. 

When  the  company  is  halted,  and  the  instruc- 
tor wishes  10  dress  it,  he  will  command  ; 

1.  Company. 

2.  Right  ct6auf— FACE, 


COMPANY  EXERCISE.  7/ 

The  whole  face  to  the  right  about,  and  the  cap- 
tain and  covering  sergeant,  take  their  respective 
posts  in  line. 

The  instructor  may,  then,  order  the  three  files 
nearest  to  the  directing  flank  to  advance,  to  serve 
as  a  base  line  to  dress  on ;  or  he  may  confine 
himself  to  the  rectification  of  the  alignment. 

LESSON  IV. 

TO  MARCH  TO  A  FLANK. 

The  company,  standing  aligned,  is  marched  to 
the  right  flank,  by  the  following  words  of  com- 
mand: 

1.  Company, 

2.  Bight — FACE. 

3.  March. 

Px,ATE  IV.  Fig.  1. 

At  the  second  word,  the  company  will  face  to 
the  right ;  the  captain  will  also  face,  moving  one 
pace  out  of  the  ranks  sideways,  so  as  to  be  on  the 
left  of  the  covering  sergeant,  and  near  him,  after 
he  has  also  faced  to  the  right,  and  moved  lateral- 
ly, to  occupy,  before  the  front  rank  man,  the  place 
out  of  which  the  captain  has  just  moved. 

At  the  word,  march^  the  company  steps  off", 

smartly  together,  in  common  time  ^  the  covering 

7* 


73  COMPANY  EXERCISE. 

sergeant,  placed  before  the  man  on  the  righ^  of 
(he  front  rank,  and  the  captain  placed  at  the  side 
of  the  covering  sergeant,  will  march  straight  for- 
ward. 'The  men  of  the  rear  rank,  will  march, 
dressing  on  their  file-leaders,  and  keeping  the 
head  direct  to  the  front ;  and  the  rank  of  file  clo- 
sers will  march,  keeping  exactly  opposite  to  the 
file  they  respectively  cover  in  line. 

The  in&tructor  must  see  that  the  following 
rules  of  marching  to  a  flank  are  observed. 

That  at  each  step,  the  mania  the  rear  of  another, 
plants  his  foot,  on  the  spot,  from  whence  the  man 
in  front  of  him  has  raised  his  foot. 

That  the  soldier  does  not  bend  the  knee,  ta 
avoid  treading  on  the  heels  of  the  man  before  him. 

That  the  head  of  a  man  preceding  another, 
must  cover  in  and  hide  from  this  last,  the  heads 
of  all  the  men  who  may  be  in  front.  0^"^  ■ 

The  march  to  the  left  flank  is  executed  by  the 
same  words  of  command,excepting,  that  the  word 
left  is  substituted  for  the  word  right 

At  the  instant  that  the  company  faces  to  the 
left,  the  guide  of  the  left  flank,  will  place  him- 
self before  the  man  on  the  left  of  the  front  rank; 
the  captain  will  go  quickly  to  the  left,  placing 
himself  close  to,  and  to  the  right  of  the  guide  of 
the  left;  and  the  covering  sergeant  will  post  him- 
self in  the  front  rank,  occupying  the  place  of  the 
captain. 


COMPANY  EXERCISE.  79 

WHEELING  IN  FILE. 

Plate  vi.  fig.  1. 

The  company  being  faced  to  a  flank,  and  either 
marching  in  file,  or  halting,  will  wheelits  head  in 
file,  by  the  following  words  of  command  : 

1.  By  files  right,  (or  Z^if)— wheel, 

2.  March. 

At  the  word  march,  the  leading  file  wheels  :  if 
the  wheel  be  made  on  the  front  rank  man,  he  i$ 
not  to  turn  suddenly,  but  is  to  move  over  a  small 
portion  of  a  small  circle,  shortening  a  little,  the 
three  or  four  wheeling  steps,  in  order  to  give  the 
man  in  the  rear  rank  of  the  same  file ,  time  to  con- 
form to  his  movement;  if  the  wheel  be  made  oq 
the  rear  rank  man,  the  man  of  the  front  rank  in 
the  same  file,  will  march  the  step  of  twenty -eight 
inches  in  wheeling;  and  the  man  of  the  rear  rank 
conforms  to  his  movement,  by  describing  a  small 
portion  of  a  small  circle ;  and  each  file  will  thus 
wheel,  on  the  ground  on  which  the  first  wheeled. 

The  instructor  should  take  care,  that  the  dis- 
tance between  the  files,  be  preserved,  and  that 
there  be  no  sudden  stoppage,  jerking  forward,  or 
repulsion,  on  the  march. 

TO  halt  the  company  marching  to  flank,  ABri> 
TO  pace  it  to  its  proper  feont. 

The  instructor  commands : 


8Q  COMPANY  EXERCISE. 

1.  Company. 
2.  Halt. 

3.  Front. 

At  the  second  word,  the  company  halts. 

At  the  third  word,  each  man  fronts,  by  facing" 
to  the  left,  if  the  march  has  been  to  the  right 
flank ;  and  by  facing  to  the  right,  if  the  march  has 
been  to  the  left  flank. 

The  captain  and  covering  sergeant,  take  their 
posts  in  the  line  immediately  after  the  company 
fronts, 

TO  FORM  THE  COMPANY  MARCniNG  TO  A  FLANK,  BY 
FILES,  TO  THE  RIGHT  FLANK,  IF  MARCHING 
TO  THE  RIGHT,  OR  BY  FILES,  TO  THE  LEFT 
PLANK,  IF  MARCHING  TO  THE  LEFT. 

The  instructor  will  cause  the  company,  march- 
ing to  the  right  flank,  to  form,  by  flies,  to  the  right 

flank,  in  line,  as  follows : 

» 

1.  Company,  by  files  on  the  right  form  line. 

2.  March. 

Plate  vi. Fig.  2. 

At  the  word  inarch,  the  rear  rank  marks  time  f 
the  covering  sergeant  and  the  captain  turn  to  the 
light,  march  straight  forward,  and  are  halted  by 
the  instructor,  when  they  have  passed  at  least  four 


COMPANY  EXERCISE  81 

paces  beyond  the  rear  rank,  who  are  marking  time ; 
the  captain  shifting  to  the  right  of  the  covering 
sergeant :  the  man  on  the  right  of  the  front  rank 
will  continue  marching,  pass  behind  the  covering 
sergeant,  turn  to  the  right  when  beyond  him,  and 
move  up  to  bis  left,  dressing  on  him ;  the  second 
man  of  the  front  rank  will,  in  Ihe  same  manner, 
pass  in  the  rear  of  the  first,  then  turn  to  the  right, 
and  move  up  to  his  left,  dressing  on  him ;  and  so 
on  to  the  last  man  of  this  rank  ;  the  rear  rank  will 
execute  the  movement  in  the  same  manner  as  the 
first,  and  the  right  hand  man  of  the  rear  rank, 
from  marking  time,  is  not  lo  commence  the  march 
of  his  rank,  till  he  sees  three  or  four  men  of  the 
froni  rank  in  line. 

The  men  of  the  rear  rank  will  place  themselves 

correctly,  covering    their   respective  file-leaders 

as  fhey  come  up  one  by  one,  to  their  places  in 
line. 

If  the  company  is  marching  to  the  left  flank, 
the  inslructor  can  form  it  by  files  to  the  left  flank, 
in  line,  by  the  words  of  command,  directed  above, 
but  by  inversion  of  mode,  substituting  the  word 
left,  instead  of  right;  anri  the  captain  placed  oa 
thu  left  of  the  fro.it  rank,  will  return  to  his  proper 
situation  in  line,  irUer  the  instructor,  seeing  the 
company  formed,  shall  have  ordered  him  so  to  do. 

The  better  to  make  the  me  si  comprehend  the 
component  parts  of  this  movement,  the  instruetor 


82  COMPANY  EXERCISJi:. 

will  make  each  rank  execute  it  separately ;  direct- 
ing them  to  form  as  if  each  rank  was  independ- 
ent of,  and  unconnected  with  the  other,  but  always 
recollecting  what  has  been  directed  to  be  done  by 
the  rear  rank,  relative  to  the  moment  of  commenc- 
ing the  march,  after  marking  time. 

THE  COMPANY  MARCHING  TO  A  FLANK,  FORMING 
TO  THK  FRONT  FROM  FILE,  EITHER  IN  COMPA- 
NX  OR  BY  PLATOONS. 

Plate  Ti.  Fig.  3 

The  corapan}^  is  supposed  marching  in  file,  fe 
the  right  flank.  The  instructor  orders  the  captain 
to  execute  the  intended  movement.  He  will  or- 
der, 

1.  Company^  hyjiles^form  line  to  the  frant. 

2.  March. 

At  the  word  march,  the  covering  sergeant  con- 
tinues to  march  straight  on ;  the  soldiers  bring 
forward  the  right  shoulder  passing  from  common 
to  quick  time,  and  move  into  line,  over  the  short- 
est line  leading  to  their  respective  places,  observ- 
ing to  dress  up  one  after  another,  without  running. 

As  the  soldiers  come  into  line,  they  are  to  lake 
up  the  step  from  the  covering  sergeant. 

The  men  of  the  reai  rank  will  conform  to  tiie 
movement  of  their  file-leaders,  whom  they  will 
allow  to  precede  them  in  coming  up  into  line. 


COMPANY  EXERCISE.  S3 

At  the  instant  the  movement  commences,  the 
captain  will  face  to  his  company,  and  conduct  the 
operation  ;  when  the  company  is  formed  to  the 
front, "be  commands, 

Guide  to  the  left. 

And  then  posts  himself  two  paces  before  the 
centre  of  the  company,  facing  to  the  front,  and 
taking  up  the  step  of  the  company. 

At  the  word,  gtnd€  to  the  left,  the  guide  of  the 
left  nimbly  springs  to  the  left  of  the  front-rank  man 
there;  and  the  covering  sergeant,  who  is  at  the 
opposite  flank,  remains  there. 

When  the  company  is  marching  in  £le  to  the 
left  flank,  the  movement  is  executed  by  the  same 
words  of  command,  and  on  the  same  principles: 
the  company  being  formed  from  file  to  the  front, 
the  captain  orders,  guide  to  the  right,  taking  his 
own  place,  two  paces  before  the  centre,  the  cov- 
ering sergeant  who  is  on  the  right  of  the  front 
rank,  answers  the  purpose  of  guide  on  the  right,  and 
the  guide  on  the  left  flank  remains  there. 

Thus  in  a  column  of  companies,  the  covering 
sergeant  of  each,  will  always  be  placed  on  the  right 
of  the  front  rank,  and  the  guide  of  the  left,  on  the 
left  of  the  front  rank  man  of  the  left  flank,  in  their 
respective  companies,  whether  the  column  has  the 
right  or  left  in  front :  they  are  called  guide  of  the 
right,  and  guide  of  the  left  of  the  compaDy,  aod 


I 


84  COMPANY  EXERCISE. 

one  of  them  will  be  charged  with  the  direction,  ac- 
cording as  the  column  may  be  marching  with  the 
right  or  left  in  front. 

If  the  company  marching  in  file,  to  a  flank,  is 
to  be  formed  to  a  front,  by  platoons,  the  captain, 
having  received  an  order  so  to  do,  commands, 

1 .  Company^  by  files  to  thefront,fortn  platoons. 

2.  March. 

This  movement  is  executed  according  to  the 
same  rules  ;  the  captain  posts  himself  before  the 
centre  of  the  first  platoon,  and  the  first  lieutenant 
before  the  centre  of  the  second  platoon  ;  they  will 
command,  guide  to  the  rights  ov^  guide  to  the  left^  at 
the  instant  that  their  platoon  is  formed. 

At  the  word  guide  to  the  right,  or,  guide  to  the 
Ufty  given  by  the  chief  of  each  platoon,  the  guide 
of  each  takes  post  on  the  requisite  flank,  if  not  al- 
ready there. 

The  guide  of  the  right  of  the  company,  is  always 
the  guide  of  the  right  or  left  of  the  first  platoon, 
an^'^  the  guide  of  the  left  of  the  company,  acts  as 
guide  of  the  right,  or  the  left  of  the  second  pla- 
toon. 

Accordingly  in  a  column  of  platoons,  there  will 
be  one  guide  on  the  flank  of  each,  and  he  will  al- 
ways be  on  the  left  flank,  if  the  right  of  the  col- 
umn is  in  front ;  and  on  the  right  flank,  if  the  left 
is  in  front. 


COMPANY  EXERCISE.  85 

Whether  it  is  a  column  of  companies  or  platoons, 
the  officers  and  non  commissioned  officers  of  the 
rank  of  file-closers,  will  follow  and  remain  attach- 
ed to  their  respective  platoons. 

LESSON  V. 

WHEELINGS^. 

Wheelings  are  of  two  sorts ;  wheeling  on  a 
halted  pivot,  and  on  a  moveable  pivot. 

Wheelings  from  a  halted  pivot  are  used  for 
wheeling  from  line  into  column  and  from  column 
into  line. 

Wheeling  on  a  moveable  pivot,  takes  place,  in 
the  changes  of  direction  of  a  column  when  march- 
ing, as  often  as  they  are  executed  to  the  reverse 
flank. 

When  the  wheel  is  made  on  a  fixed  point,  the 
pivot  man,  simply  turns  in  his  place,  marking  the 
time. 

In  wheeling  on  a  moveable  pivot,  the  pivot 
man  takes  steps  of  seven  inches,  in  order  to  clear 
the  ground  for  the  succeediug  divisions.*  This  is 
necessary,  in  order,  that  the  divisions  of  a  column 

*  Division  is  a  genertl  term,  employed  to  si^ify  any  of  those 
equal  pa rt^,  into  which  a  regiment  is  broken,  whether  they  are 
gmnd  division?, com t<ani(»s,  platocns,  or  sections. 

The  pivot,  or,  (as  it  ia  sometimea  called)  the  proper  pivot 
flank  of  the  column,  is  that  by  wheelingr  np  to  which,  the  divis- 
ions of  the  column  are  brought  into  line,  in  their  regular  order 
and  to  their  proper  front.     The  other  h  called  tie  revei-se  fl&nk, 

The  flank  of  a  division,  on  which  a  wheel  is  executed,  h  with 
reference  to  that  particular  wlieel,  termed  the  pivot,   altiiough 
with  reference  to  the  column,  it  may  be  the  reverse  flank, 
R 


S6  COMPANY  EXERCISE. 

maj  be  enable  to  change  their  direction,  without 
loosing  their  distances. 

In  both  cases  mentioned,  the  man  on  the  wheel- 
ing flank,  must  take  steps  of  twenty-eight  inches. 

The  movement  termed  turniDg  t^^  -•  ^'"i^rht  or 
left,  takes  place  only  in  the  change  ( tion 

of  the  column  to  the  side  of  tlR  v  o  .  l^reat 
care  should  be  tfiken  not  to  coni};  -t  ihih  sptcies 
of  movement,  with  whetling  on  a  n.  viable  pivot. 

WHEELING    UN    A    HALTFli    zlVOT. 

Right  wheel — march. 

At  the  word  inareh,  the  soldiers  step  olTwith 
the  left  foot,  and  turn  at  the  same  tinv  i-:  'i^ajj  a 
little  to  the  left,  their  eyes  ^ixed  in  th-  direction 
of  the  men  who  are  on  the  le't,  Tht  man  om  (he 
pivot  marks  time,  turning  gradually,  anti  eon- 
forming  himself  to  the  movement  of  the  wheeling 
flank;  the  guide  who  conducts  the  wheeling  flank, 
steps  the  space  of  twenty  eight  inches  from  the 
'first  step,  bringing  forward  the  left  shoulder  a  lit- 
tle, and  casting  his  eyes  on  the  ground  he  is  to  go 
over,  and  from  time  to  time,  along  the  rank  wheel- 
ing, always  feeling  the  elbow  of  the  man  next  to 
him,  but  this  lightly,  and  without  ever  pushing  or 
pressing  him. 

The  other  soldiers  keep  up  the  light  touch  of 
the  elbow,  on  tlie  side  the  pivot  is  on,  and  resist 
all  pressure  coming  from  the  wheeling  flank,  each 


COMPANY  EXERCISE.  87 

man  proportioning  his  step  to  his   distance  from 
the  pivot. 

Wheeling  to  the  left,  is  performed  on  the  same 
principles. 

1  Coynpany, 

2.  Halt. 

At  the  second  word,  the  ranks  halt,  and  none 
stir  until  a  further  command  is  given. 

The  ranks  will  then  be  dressed  and  fronted. 

WHEELING    ON   A   MOVEABLE   PIVOT. 

To  cause  the  fauks  on  a  march  to  change  di- 
rection on  a  reverse  flank. 

^  1.  Right  (or  lefty "Yvhed. 

2.  March. 

The  first  word  of  command  must  be  given,when 
the  front  rank  is  within  two  paces  of  the  point, 
where  the  pivot  is  to  coEimence  circling. 

At  the  second  word,  the  wheeling  is  executed 
as  on  a  halted  pivot,  excepting,  that  the  touch  of 
the  elbows  is  kept  up  to  the  side  of  the  guide,  and 
not  to  the  inner,  or  present  pivot  flank.  The 
pivot  man  conforms  himself  to  the  movement  of 
the  outer-flank,  feeling,  lightly,  the  elbow  of  the 
man  next  to  him;  and  takes  steps  of  seven  inch- 
es, gaining  ground,  advancing  and  moving  on  a 


88  COMPANY  EXERCISE. 

part   of  the  circumference  of  a  small   circle;  so 
that  he  thus  clears,  or  disengages  the  initial. point 
of  his  wheeling,  the  middle  of  the  rank  curving  a 
little  towards  the  rear. 
The  wheel  being  effected 

Forward — March. 

The  first  word  is  given  two  paces  before  the 
wheel  is  finished. 

At  the  second,  given  the  instant  the  wheel  is 
effected,  the  man,  directing  the  flank  that  has  just 
described  the  larger  sweep  of  tlie  circle,  m&ves 
straight  forward,  and  the  pivot  man,  together  with 
the  other  men,  composing  the  ranks,  resume  the 
step  of  twenty  eight  inches,  directing  the  head  to 
the  front. 

TO     CHANCE    DIRECTION     TO    THE      SIDE    OF    THE 
GUIDE. 

1 .  Left  (or  right)  turn. 
2.  March. 

The  first  word  must  be  given,  when  the  front 
rank  is  withia  two  paces  of  the  initial  point  of 
turning^. 

At  the  second  word,  to  be  given  at  the  instant 
when  the  ranks  are  to  commence  turning,  the 
guide  on  thepivot  flank,  turns  to  the  left  (or  right,) 
OQ  the  march,  and  without  rendering  more  slow. 


COMPANY  EXERCISE.  $9 

or  quickening  the  cadence  of  the  time,  and  with- 
out lengthening  or  sliortening  the  measure  of  the 
step,  moves  forward   in  the  niew  direction ;  the 
rest  of  the  rank,  quickly  conform  to  the  new  di- 
rection in  which  the  guide  is  moving.,  but  with- 
out running;  and  for   this    purpose,     each    man 
brings  forward  the  shoulder  farthest  from  the  guide ; 
turns  the  head  and  eyes  to  the  tlank  the  guide  is 
on  ;  touches  the  elbow  of  the  man  between  hira 
and  the  guide ;  placing  himself  on  the  same  a- 
lignment  with  the  guide,  and  turning   his  head 
and  eyes,  then,  to  the  front.     Each  man   arrives 
thus,  successively,  on  the  alignment  of  the  guide 
on  the  pivot  flank. 

WHEELING     FORWARD    BY     PLATOONS   FROM   LINF* 

If  the  company  is  to  break  forward,  by  platoons 
to  the  right,  the  instructor  commands, 

1.  Platoons — right  rvhccL 

2.  March. 

Plate  vii.  Fig.  !. 

At  the  first  word  of  command,  the  chiefs  of  pla- 
toons will  place  themselves  two  paces  in  front  of 
the  centre  of  their  platoons,  facing  to  the  rear,  the 
chief  of  the  second  platooa  passing,  for  this  pur- 
pose, round  the  left  flank  of  the  company,  andihejr 
Beed  not  pay  atteution  to  dressing  on  each  other,, 


90  COMPANY  EXERCISE. 

it  being  only  necessary  for  them,  to  place  them* 
selves  as  directed. 

At  the  word  March,  the  man  on  the  right  of  the 
front  rank  of  each  platoon  faces  to  the  right ;  the 
chief  of  each  platoon  will  move,  quick,  over  the 
shortest  possible  line,  to  a  point  on  the  outside  of 
that  where  the  left  will  be,  when  the  wheel  is  ef- 
fected; he  win  place  himself  in  such  a  manner, 
that  a  line,  drawn  from  him  to  the  man  on  the 
right  of  the  front  rauk,  is  perpendicular  to  the  line 
of  the  company,  previous  to  wheeling  ;  the  pla- 
toons wheel,  according  to  the  directions  for  wheel- 
ing from  a  halted  pivot,  in  common  time  ;  and 
when  the  man,  who  conducts  the  wheeling  flank, 
shall  have  arrived  within  two  paces  of  the  per- 
pendicular^  the  chief  of  each  platoon  will  gojh- 
siand, 

1.  Platoon, 

2.  Halt. 

At  the  second  word,  the  platoons  halt;  the  cov- 
ering sergeant,  who  has  remained  in  his  original 
place,  moves,  at  that  instant,  along  the  front  of  the 
front  rank,  to  the  point  where  the  left  flank  of  the 
first  platoon  will  rest,  when  dressed  forward  ;  the 
guide  of  the  left  moves  to  the  front,  where  the  leil 
flank  of  the  second  platoon  will  rest,  when  dressed 
forward;  they  must  take  care  to  leave  between 
themielves,  respectively,  and  the  man  on  the  right 


COMP  ANY  EXERCISE.  9i 

©I*  their  platoons,  a  sufficient  space  to  contain  the 
front  of  the  platoon,  when  dressed  up ;  the  captaia 
and  the  chief  of  the  second  platoon,  will  regulate 
this,  taking  care  to  align  them,  between  them- 
selves and  the  pivot  man  of  their  platoons,  who 
has  faced  to  the  right. 

The  guide  of  each  platoon  being  thus  fixed  on 

the  perpendicular,  the  chiefs  of  platoons  will  com» 
maud, 

Left — DRESS. 

The  platoons  dress  on  the  perpendif  ular  line., 

The  dressing  being  effected,  the  chief  of  each 
platoon  commands /rowf,  and  places  himself  two 
paces  in  front  of  the  centre  of  his  platoon. 

The  rank  of  file- closers  conform  themselvee  to 
the  movement  of  their  respective  platoons. 

The  com[)<iny  will  break  forward,  and  wheel 
by  platoons  to  the  left  on  the  same  principles.^— 
The  instructor  commands, 

1.  Platoons^  left  rvhed* 
2.  March. 

If  the  guide  of  the  rear  platoon  do€d  not  exact** 
iy  cover  the  guide  of  the  preceding  one,  he  must 
not  endeavor  to  correct  his  situation  till  the  col- 
umn is  put  in  march. 

The  man  of  the  front  rank  of  each  platoon  next 
to  the  pivot  m^Ui  muet  m  i^v heeling)  gaijQ  a  littk 


92  COMPANY  EXERCISE. 

ground  to  the  front  in  order  to  clear  the  shoulder 
of  the  pivot,  which  projects  after  he  faces,  beyond 
the  front  of  the  original  line,  a  space  equal  to 
half  the  breadth  of  his  body. 

MARCH    IN    OPEN    COLUMN. 

The  company  having  broken  to  the  right,  from 
line  into  column  of  platoons,  the  instructor,  pre- 
vious to  putting  the  column  in  motion,  will  place 
himself  on  the  line  of  the  guides,  at  the  distance 
of  15  or  20  paces,  and  facing  it. 

He  then,  being  thus  in  the  line  of  direction,  or- 
ders the  guide  of  the  first  platoon,  to  mark  ivfO 
points  on  the  ground,  on  the  line. 

The  instructor  commands : 

1.  Column  Forward, 

2.  Guide  to  the  left 

3.  March. 

At  the  wonl  march,  which  must  be  quickly, 
and  with  vivacity,  repeated,  by  Ihe  chiefs  of|ila- 
toons,they  and  the  guides,  march  ofif  their  platoons, 
with  a  firm  decided  step,  throwing  forward  the 
left  foot  smartly,  at  the  same  instant. 

The  soldiers  will  maintain  the  light  touches  of 
the  elbows  towards  the  flank  the  guide  is  on. 

The  man  of  each  platoon  next  to  the  guide, 
must  always  keep  at  the  distance  of  six  inches 
&om  him,  in  order  to  avoid  pushing  him  out  ol  th« 


COMPANY  EXERCISE.  03 

direction;  and  he  must  be  also  careful  never  te 
be  more  advanced  than  the  guide. 

The  second  guide  must  march,  accurately,  in 
the  path  of  the  leading  guide,  observing  to  keep 
at  such  a  distance  from  him,  as  may  be  exactly 
equal  to  the  front  of  his  own  platoon,  and  to  keep 
up  the  same  step  as  that  of  the  guide  who  precedes 
him. 

If  the  guide  of  the  second  platoon  lose  his  dis- 
tance he  ought  to  regain  it,  gradually,  either  by 
insensibly  lengthening,  or  shortening  his  steps. 

If  the  guide  of  the  second  platoon  has  neglected 
to  follow,  exactly,  the  traces  of  the  first,  and  u 
thereby  thrown  insensensibly  to  the  left  or  right  of 
the  proper  direction,  he  will  remedy  this  fault,  by 
bringing  forward,  more  or  less,  the  left  or  right 
shoulder  in  such  a  manner,  as  to  regain  the  line 
of  direction,  gradually,  by  the  direct  step ;  the  in- 
structor will  see  that  the  soldiers  conform  to  the 
movements  of  the  guide. 

"Whenever  the  line  breaks  into  open  column* 
the  chiefs  of  platoon  will  repeat  the  words  of  com- 
mand, March,  and  Halt,  given  by  the  instructor, 
at  the  moment  they  hear  them,  and  without  wait- 
ing for  each  other. 

IN  OPEN  COLUMN  OF  PLATOONS,  WHEELING  l|rT0  ▲ 

NEW  DIRECTION  ON  A  MOVEABLE  PIVOT,  AND 

TURNING  ON  A  MARCH. 

The  column  marching  with  the  right  mi  frant^ 


94,  COMPANY  EXERCISE. 

will  change  its  direction,  by  order  of  the  instruc- 
tor, communicated  to  the  chief  of  the  leading 
platoon ;  the  instructor  will  post  himself  at  the 
point,  where  the  movement  is  to  commence,  in 
the  line  of  direction  of  the  guides  on  the  pivot 
flank,  with  his  right  side  nearest  to  the  head  of 
the  column.  * 

The  guide  of  the  head  platoon  must  conduct 
his  march  on  the  instructor,  in  such  a  manner,  that 
his  left  arm  shall  lightly  touch  the  breast  of  the 
instructor  ;  and  when  the  leading  platoon  is  near- 
Ij  up  to  the  instructor,  the  chief  of  platoon  com- 
mands: 

1.  Left — turn. 

2,  March. 

Plate  VII.  Fig.  2. 

The  first  word  of  comma«d  must  be  given, 
when  the  pivot  flank  is  within  two  paces  of  the 
turning  point. 

At  the  word,  March,  which  must  be  given  at 
the  moment  of  arriving  on  the  point  of  turning,  the 
guide  turns  to  the  left,  and  the  soldiers  turn,  as  has 
been  directed  under  the  head  of  changing  direc- 
tion to  the  side  of  the  guide. 

The  guide  of  the  first  platoon,  having  turned  to 
the  left,  must  fix  on  two  points  on  the  ground,  in 
the  new  direction,  in  order  to  march  on  them. 

The  second  platoon  marches  off  with  the  firsts 


COMPANY  EXERCISE.  U5 

and  proceeds  straight  forward,  its  guide  grazing 
the  surface  of  the  breast  of  the  instructor,  placed 
at  the  turning  point ;  and  when  arrived  there,  this 
second  platoon  will  turn  to  the  left,  by  the  same 
words  of  command,  and  bj*  the  same  rules,  as  the 
first  platoon. 

In  order  to  wheel,  on  a  moveable  pivot,  on  the 
flank  opposite  to  that  on  which  the  guide  is,  the 
instructor,  after  giving  orders  to  that  effect,  to  the 
chief  of  the  first  platoon,  will  immediately  proceed 
to  the  point  where  the  change  of  direction  is  to 
commence. 

The  guide  of  the  leading  platoon  conducts  him- 
self as  has  been  directed  above  5  and  whentirrived 
within  tw©  paces  of  the  instructor,  piticed  on  the 
initia'  r  ouit  of  wheeling,  the  chief  of  platoon  will 
command. 

1.  Right  whseL 

2.  March. 

Plate  vii.Fig.  3, 

At  the  word,  march,  'which  is  to  be  given  at  the 
instant  when  the  guide  shall  arrive  at  the  point, 
where  the  circling  on  the  moveable^  poini,  com- 
mences, the  platoon  will  execute  the  wheel  to  the 
right. 

The  wheel  being  effected,  the  chief  of  platoon 
commands. 


H  COMPANY  EXERCISE. 

1.  Forrvard, 

2,  March. 

The  first  platoon  resumes  the  direct  march. 

The  second  platoon  continues  to  march  straight 
forward,  the  guide  conducting  it  on,  and  towards 
Ihe  instructor ;  this  platoon  will  wheel  on  a  move- 
ahle  pivot,  in  its  turn,  at  the  same  point,  by  the 
same  words  of  command,  and  by  similar  means  as 
fhe  first,  resuming  likewise  the  direct  march. 

The  changes  of  direction  of  a  column,  having 
the  left  in  front,  are  executed  on  the  same  princi- 
ples, and  by  inverted  means. 

TO  HAIiT  THE  COLUMK. 

The  column  is  halted  by  the  instructor,  as  fol- 
lows : 

1.  Column, 

2.  Halt. 

At  the  word  halty  quickly  repeated  by  the  chiefs 
of  platoons,  they  must  all  halt,  at  the  same  time; 
and  the  guides  must  not  stir,  even  though  they 
should  not  have  their  distances  nor  direction,  un- 
less  the  instructor,  thinking  it  necessary  to  form 
the  line,  begins  with  rectifying  the  line  of  direc- 
tion. 


^ 


COMPANY  EXERCISE.  9/ 

WriEN   A  COLUMN  OF    PLATOONS   WHEELS  TO  THE 
LEFT,  OR  RIGHT,    INTO  LINE. 

The  instructor  having  Iialted  the  column  with 
the  right  in  front,  in  order  to  wheel  it  up  into  line, 
W5ll,  immediately  thereafter,  proceed  to  the  dis- 
tance of  one  platoon  from  the  leading  guide,  whom, 
he  faces;  and  will,  so  placed  on  the  line  of  the 
guides,  rectify,  if  requisite,  the  position  of  the  se- 
cond  guide,  giving  then  the  command. 

Left — DRESS. 

At  this  word,  which  is  not  to  be  repeated  by 
ihe  chiefs  of  platoons,  each  chief  of  platoon  will, 
quickly, proceed  to  the  distance  of  twopaces  to  the 
outside  of  his  guide,  and  there  direct  the  align- 
ment of  his  platoon  to  be  made  perpendicular  io 
the  direction  of  the  column. 

The  chiefs  of  platoons,  having  aligned  their  re- 
spective platoons,  will  order  fronts  and  nimbly 
place  themselves  before  the  centre  of  their  pla- 
toons. 

This  arrangement  being  made,  the  instructor 
is  to  command, 

1 .  Left  into  line,  rvheeh 

2.  March, 

Plate  vii.  Fig.  4. 

At  the  word  march^  quickly  repeated  by  iht 


m  COMPANY  EXERCISE. 

chiefs  of  plalooDs,  (he  man  in  the  front  rank,  on 
the  left  of  each  platoon,  will  fa<;e  to  the  left,  and 
is  to  bear  his  breast,  lightly,  against  the  right  arm 
of  the  guide  placed  by  his  side,  who  does  not  stir  ; 
the  ph-xtoons  wheel  to  the  left,  on  the  principles  of 
wheeling  on  a  halted  pivot ;  and  each  chief  of 
platoon  turns  to  his  platoon  to  conduct  the  wheel, 
giving  the  following  words,  when  the  right  of  hifi 
platoon  arrives  within  two  paces  of  the  line. 

1.  Platoon. 

2.  Halt. 

The  chief  of  the  second  platoon,  having  halted 
ills  platoon,  retires  to  the  rank  of  file-closers. 

The  captain  having  halted  the  first  platoon, 
places  himself*  nimbly,  on  the  line,  at  the  point 
where  the  light  will  rest  when  dressed  forward; 
and  commands  as  soon  as  he  plants  himself  there. 

Right — DRESS. 

At  this  word,  the  two  platoons  dress  up  into 
the  alignment;  the  man  of  the  first,  who  is  oppo- 
site to  the  instructor  placed  on  the  directing  line, 
will  dress  up  to  him,  and  lightly,  with  his  breast, 
touch  bis  left  arm.  The  captain  will  direct  the 
alignment  on  the  guide  of  the  left,  and  then  com- 
mand, 


COMPANY  EXERCISE.  90 

Front, 

and  resumes  big  place  in  line. 

The  instructor,  seeing  the  company  formed 
steady  in  line,  Avill  command, 

Guides  io ^our-^T 0 STB, 

At  this  word  of  command,  the  covering  ser* 
geant  will  retire  behind  the  captain,  the  guide  of 
the  left  retiring  to  the  rank  of  file-closers. 

In  order  to  wheel  the  column  up  into  line,  with 
the  left  in  front,  the  wheel  being  to  the  right,  the 
instructor  will  place  himself,  facing  the  leading 
guide,  oa  the  directing  line,  at  the  distance  of  a 
platoon  from  him,  rectifying,  if  necessary,  the  po- 
sition of  the  second  guide;  after  effecting  which 
he  commands, 

1.  Wght  into  line,  wheel, 

2.  March. 

At  the  word,  fJiarch,  the  front  rank  man  on  the 
right  of  each  piatcon,  will  face  to  the  right,  and 
bear  his  breast,  lighdy  against  the  left  arm  of  t!io 
guide  placed  by  his  side,  who  does  not  move, 
each  platoon  wheels  to  the  right,  and  will  be 
halted  by  its  chief,  when  the  wheeling  flank  h 
within  two  paces  of  the  line  :  and  for  this  purpose, 
the  chiefs  of  platoon  will  give  the  words  of  com- 
mand, 


100  COMPANY  EXERCISE. 

},PlatQon. 
2.  Halt. 

The  chief  of  the  seeonJ  |>iatoon,  having  hailed 
bis  platoon,  ^,\ill  retire  to  the  rank  oC  file  closers. 

The  captain,  having  halted  the  first  platoon, 
^\ill  step,  nimbly,  to  the  kl't  Sank  of  the  company, 
placing  himsei?  at  the  point  where  the  left  hand 
front  rank  man  will  rest  when  the  company  is  ki 
line  ;  and  being  there,  will  command, 

Left — DRCSS. 

At  this  word  of  command,  the  two  platoons 
dress  up  to  the  alignment. 

The  company  being  aligned,  the  captain  will 
command, 

Front. 
The  instructor  will  then  command, 
Guides  to  your — posts. 

At  this  command,  the  captain  will  take  his 
post  on  the  right  of  the  company;  the  covering 
sergeant,  will  take  his  place  in  the  rear  rank  cov- 
ering the  captain ;  and  the  guide  of  the  left  will 
retire  to  the  rank  of  file -closers. 

The  instructor  previously  to  commanding  left 
(or  right)  into  line  wheel,  ought  to  see  that  (he 
rear  platoon  has  its  proper  column  distance;  this: 


COMPANY  EXEtlCiSE^.  lor 

attention  is  important  as  It  habifuates  the  guides 
never  to  neglect  so  very  essential  a  point. 

LESSON  VL 

TO     BREAK   OFF     FILES,  AND    TO    MOVE     THEM    UP 
AGAIN  TO   THE  FRONT. 

The  company  marching,  and  supposed  to  con- 
stitute a  part  of  a  column^  with  the  right  or  left 
in  front,  and  the  instructor  intending  to  breali  oIT 
files,  will  ^ive  an  order,  to  that  effect,  to  the  cap- 
tain, who  immediately  faces  to  his  company,  and 
commands, 

One  file  from  the  right  (or  left)  break  off. 

2.  March. 

Pla-te  VIII.  Fig.  8. 

At  the  word  of  command,  march^  the  first  file 
on  the  right  wil!  mark  time,  and  the  company  will 
continue  to  march  on ;  the  man  of  the  rear  rank 
of  that  file,  will  move  as  soon  as  the  rear  rank 
of  the  company  shall  have  passed  him,  to  the  left, 
and  place  himself  behind  the  second  file  from  the 
flank  then  marching  on;  the  man  of  the  front 
rank  will  likewise  move  behind  the  first  file,  at 
the  instant  when  the  rear  of  the  company  shall 
have  passed  him ;  and  each  man  of  the  file  will 
move  to  his  indicated  situation,  by  bringing  for- 
ward a  little  the  outward  shoulder,  taking  great 
9* 


care  not  to  loos-e  his  distance,  by  falling   too^&df 
behind. 

Plate  viii.  Fig.  0. 

The  instructor  seeing  it  necessary  to  break  oIa 
another  file,  will  give  an  order  lo  that  effect,  to  the 
caplain  who  will  repeat  the  former  orders  for 
breaking  off  a  file. 

At  (he  word,  march,  by  the  captain,  the  file  al- 
ready broke  off,  and  in  (he  rear,  advancing  the 
exterior  slioulder  a  little,  will  gain  the  space  of 
one  file  to  the  left,  and  contract  the  step  in  order 
to  make  room  for  the  new  file  in  its  front ;  and 
the  new  file  will  break  off  in  the  same  manner  as 
the  first  did,  and  place  itself  between  the  compa- 
ny and  the  file  first  broken  off. 

Breaking  off  files  from  the  left  is  done  in  the 
same  manner,  the  captain  substituting  the  word 
left  or  n^lit. 

The  instructor  will,  thus,  be  enabled  to  dimi- 
nish successively,  the  front  of  the  company  by  as 
many  files  as  he  may  judge  necessary,  always 
breaking  off  new  files  from  the  same  flanky  till 
tw  o  files,  only,  remain  forming  the  front. 

The  rank  of  file-closers  must  arrange  them- 
selves behind  the  part  of  the  company  that  has 
not  diminished  itself,  by  breaking  off  files. 

When  the  instructor  sres  it  necessary  to  direct 
some  files  in  the  rear,  to  form  un,  he  will  order  the 
captain  to  effect  tjii&j  by  the  following  words  of 
omraand. 


COMPANY  EXERCISE.  lOr 

1.  File  of  the  rij^ht  (or  left)  into  line. 

2.  Makch. 
Plate  VIII.  Fig.  10. 

On  the  wordmarch^  the  front  file  of  those  broken- 
off  and  marching  behind  the  flank,  will  move  up, 
quickly,  to  the  front,  and  the  files  in  the  rear  will, 
by  bringing  forward  the  right  shoulder,  incline  the 
breadth  of  one  file  to  the  left,  if  it  is  behind  the 
left  flank,  that  the  files  are;  or  will,  by  bringing 
forward  the  left  shoulder,  incline  the  space  of  one 
file  to  the  right,  if  it  is  behind  the  right  flank  that 
the  files  broken  off  are  placed. 

The  captain  facing  his  company,  will  see  that 
the  movement  is  executed  according  to  the  pre- 
scribed rules. 

Plate  VIII.  Fig.  11. 

The  instructor  having,  thus,  caused  files  to  break 
off,  and  form  u[s  successively,  will  order,  that  twa 
or  three  files  shall  break  off  together,  or  at  the 
same  time;  the  number  of  named  files  will 
mark  time  ;  each  rank  when  the  rear  of  the  com- 
pany has  passed,  will  bring  forward,  a  little  the 
exterior  shoulder,  will  oblique  together,  and  place 
itself  behind  one  of  the  two  nearest  files,  as  if  the 
movement  were  executed  file  by  file,  observing 
not  to  lose  the  distance. 

The  instructor  will,  afterwards,  order  the  cap- 
tain to  cause  two  or  three  files,  at  the  same  time, 


104  COM?  \N Y  EXERCISE. 

to  move  <o  the  front;  and  for  this  purpose,  the 
eaptaia  commands, 

1.  Three  front  files  into  line. 

2.  March. 
Plate  viii.  Fig.  X%, 

The  three  named  files  will  move  up  quickly^ 
over  the  shortest  lines  leading  to  their  places. 

As  often  as  files  are  broken  off,  the  guide  on 
the  flank  will  close  in  to  that  flank,  to  the  right, 
or  left,  in  proportion  as  the  front  diminishes,  so 
as  to  be  always  close  to  the  flank  of  the  company, 
from  which  a  file,  or  files  have  been  broken  off; 
and  he  will  incline  ofi*  from  the  flank,  in  propor- 
tion as  files  are  ordered  to  move  up. 

By  successively,  throwing  files  to  the  rear  of 
the  saync  flank,  the  front  maj  be  reduced  to  two 
files,  behind  which  the  broken  off  fiKs  march. 

When  the  front  is  reduced  to  four  files  by  break- 
ing, off  from  each  flank,  and  a  further  diminu- 
tion is  necessary,  the  division  must  march  in  file, 
with  the  right  or  left  flank  in  front.  For  that  pur- 
pose, the  files  of  the  flank  which  is  to  be  in  front, 
must  rapidly  countermarch  from  the  rear  to  the 
front ;  and  the  rest  of  the  division  will  follow  ici 
file. 


COMPANY  EXERCISE.  105 

TO  MARCH  IN  COLUMx\  OF  ROUTE,  AND  TO  EXECUTE 

THE  VARIOUS  FILE  MOVEMENTS  PRESCRIBEP 

ABOVE. 

The  company  being  haUed,  and  supposed  to 
form  a  part  of  a  column,  the  instructor,  to  make 
the  column  march  at  ease,  mil  give  the  following; 
«ords  of  command, 

1.  Column  forward. 

2.  Guide  to  the  Icjt  (or  right) 

3,  Route  Step. 
4.  March. 

On  the  word  march^  repeated  \Sy  the  captain, 
the  ranks  step  off  together,  taking  open  order,  to 
about  the  distance  of  three  feet  from  rank  to  rank. 

The  instructor  commands. 

Arms  at — ease. 

At  this  word  (he  arms  may  be  carried  in  either 
hand,  or  at  either  shoulder,  the  soldiers  taking 
care  to  keep  the  muzzles  of  their  muskels  up- 
wards ;  and  they  will  no  longer  be  required  to 
march  with  a  cadenced  step,  or  to  keep  silence; 
the  tiles  march  at  ease,  but  the  ranks  must  never  in- 
termix, and  the  men  of  the  fr©nt  rank  must  never- 


106  COMPANY  EXERCISE. 

be  further  advanced  to  the  front  than  the  guide, 
^vbn  13  on  the  !)ivot  flank,  and  the  rear  rank  must 
keep  at  the  distance  of  about  three  feet,  froin  the 
front  rank. 

Were  the  column  marching  with  the  cadenced 
step,  the  route  step  would  be  assumed  from  tb« 
following  words  of  command  : 

1.  Colnmn. 
2.  Route  step, 

3.  March. 

On  the  word  tnarch,  the  front  rank  continues  to 
march  the  step  of  twenty  eight  inches,  and  the 
rear  rank  will  take  open  order  on  the  march,  to  the 
distance  of  about  three  feet  from  rank  to  rank; 
and  the  instructor  will  then  order, 

Arms  at — ease. 

The  soldiers  marching  at  ease,  the  instructor 
will  cause  the  direction  of  the  column  to  be 
changed  on  the  pivot*  or  on  the  reverse  flank, 
which  h  to  be  executed  without  a  formal  word  of 
command  and  simply  on  a  caution  given  by  the 
captain;  the  rear  rank  will,  8uccessivel5%  when 
on  the  spot  where  the  front  rank  effected  the 
change,  wheel  on  a  moveable  pivot,  or  turn  to-the 
right  or  left,  conforming,  though  marching  at  ease, 
to   the  pricciples  which  have  been  detailed  for 


COMPANY  EXERCISE.  107 

changing  (he  direction,  when  marching  at  close 
order  and  with  the  cadenced  step;  with  this  only 
difference,  that  in  changes  of  dirtcliori  on  the  side 
opposite  to  the  gui  le,  (he  r>ivol  man  takes  steps  of 
fourteen  inches,  in  order  to  clear  or  disengage  the 
wheeling  point. 

The  instructor  will  also  direct  the  captain,  to 
exercise  the  men  in  the  various  tile  movements 
before  detailed ;  and  he  will  close  the  ranks,  by 
directing  the  captain  to  give  the  words, 

1 .  Rear  rank  close  order, 

2,  March, 

At  the  w^ord  march  the  front  rank  resumes  the 
cadenced  step ;  the  rear  rank  and  also  the  files 
which  may  be  behind  the  flanks  broke  off,  quickly 
close  up,  taking  up,  afterwards,  the  cadenced  step ; 
and  both  ranks  will  support  arms. 

When  the  company  marching  at  ease,  halts, 
the  rear  rank  closes  up  at  the  word,  halt,  and  the 
men  support  arms. 

Were  the  company  marching  at  closed  rank,  if 
halted,  arms  would  be  carried.  This  rule  is  gen- 
eral, whatever  may  be  the  number  of  companies. 

In  the  drill  of  the  company,  a  column  of  route 
will  march  in  common  time.  In  the  drill,  of  the 
battalion,  and  on  service,  without  observing  the 
cadence  of  the  step,  it  will  march,  as  nearly  at 
that  rate,  as  the  nature  of  the  ground  will  adoiit* 


108  COMPANY  EXERCISE. 

BREAKING  AND  FORMING  COMPANY  ON  THE  MARCH. 

To  break  into  platoons, 

PiiATE  VIII.  Fig.  1. 

The  company  marching  with  i\\e  cadenced  step, 
?iDd  being  supposed  to  form  a  part  of  a  column, 
ivith  the  right  in  front,  the  instructor  in  order  to 
break  into  platoons,  will  give  the  order  for  i\\Q 
purpose  to  the  captain,  who  is  to  command, 

1 .  Break  into  platoons. 

The  captain  takes  post  before  the  centre  of  the 
first  platoon. 

The  chief  of  the  second  platoon,  placed  in  it3 
rear,  will,  on  hearing  the  ?ast  word  of  command, 
post  himself,  also,  before  its  centre,  where,  when 
arrived,  he  will  command, 

Mark  time. 
The  captain  will  then  command, 

2.  March. 

The  first  platoon  is  to  continue  to  march 
straight  forward,  and  the  covering  sergeant  will 
place  himself  on  its  left  flank,  when  that  flank 
separates,  or  is  clear  of  the  right  flank  of  the  left 
platoon,  which  is  marking  time,  passing,  for  this 
purx>ose,  along  the  front  of  the  first  platoon* 


COMPANY  EXERCISE.  109 

The  second  platoon  will  mark  time,  as  previ- 
?)us]y  cautioned  by  its  chief,  till  the  rear  rank  of 
the  first  platoon  has  passed  beyond  its  front,  and 
then  will  oblique  to  the  right. 

The  guide  on  the  left  of  (he  second  p]atoon,hav- 
ing  nearly  arrived  on  the  line  of  direction  of  the 
first,  the  chiefof  the  second  platoon  will  command, 

Forward. 

And  at  the  instant  when  the  guide  of  the  se- 
cond platoon  covers  the  guide  of  the  first,  he  will 
command, 

March. 

The  formation  of  the  platoons,  when  the  left  is 
in  front,  is  effected  by  inverse  means. 

The  left  being  in  front,  the  guide  of  the  Mt 
will  move  to  the  right  flank  of  the  second  platoon, 
when  clear  of  the  left  flank  of  the-first  platoon; 
and  the  covering  sergeant  on  the  right  flank  of  the 
first  platoon  remains  there. 

to  form  company. 

Plate  jx.  Fig.  2. 

The  column  marching  in  platoons,  with  the 

right  in  front,  the  instructor  directs  the  captain  to 

form   company ;  the  captain  eftects  this  by  ihj- 

following  w^ords  of  command, 
10 


ilO  COMPANY  EXERCISE. 

1.  Form  Company. 

The  captain  having  given  this  word,  is  to  cau- 
tion the  first  platoon  to  prepare  to  oblique  to  the 
right. 

The  chief  of  the  second  platoon^  will  warn  his 
platoon  to  continue  to  march,  steadily,  straight 
forward. 

The  captain  will  then  command,    - 

2.  March. 

At  fliis  wordj  which  must  be  repeated  by  the 
chief  of  the  second  platoon,  the  first  platoon  will 
oblique  to  the  right  to  uncover  the  second,  and 
the  covering  sergeant,  placed  on  the  left  flank  of 
(he  first  platoon  will  move  to  its  right,  passing,  for 
this  purpose,  along  the  front. 
.  When  the  first  platoon  shall  have  nearly  un- 
covered, or  cleared  the  front  of  the  second,  the 
captain  is  to  give  the  word  forward  \  and  that  Of 
MARCH,  at  (he  instant  when  his  platoon  has  com- 
pletely uncovered  the  second. 

During  this  operation,  the  second  platoon  is  to 
continue  to  march  straight  forward  at  the  same 
pace,  and  the  first,  after  uncovering  the  second 
platoon,  will  mark  time,  waiting  for  the  second,  to 
wliich  it  will  unite  when  up  to  it. 

The  company  is  formed,  when  the  left  is  in 
front,  by  inverse  means. 

In  this  case  the  guide  of  the  second   [datoon 


COMPANY  EXERCISE.  Ill 

placed  on  the  right  flank  of  it,  will  move  to  the 
left  flank,  when  the  obliqueing  commences  ;  and 
the  guide  of  the  first  platoon,  placed  on  its  right 
flank,  remains  there. 

The  instructor  will,  afterwards,  exercise  the 
company  in  breaking  and  forming  company,  when 
marching  at  ease,  in  column  of  route ;  which  is 
effected  by  the  same  words  of  command,  and  by 
similar  means  of  execution,  as  when  marching  with 
the  cadenced  step,  with  this  only  difference,  that 
in  the  platoon  which  obliques,  each  man  will  half 
face  to  the  right  or  left,  instead  of  maintaining 
the  squareness  of  the  shoulders  to  the  front. 

COUNTERMARCH. 

The  company  being  halted,  and  supposed  to 
constitute  part  of  a  column  with  the  right  in  front, 
the  instructor,  in  order  to  make  it  countermarch, 
will  command, 

1 .  Company — countermarch, 

2.  Right — FACE. 

3.  Left  Countermarch 

4.  March. 

Plate  ix  fig.  3. 

At  the  second  word,  the  company  is  to  face 
to  the  right ;  the  captain  will  move  to  the  side  of 


1 12  COMPANY  EXERCISE. 

the  guide  of  the  right ;  and   the  guide  of  the  left 
will  face  to  the  right  about. 

At  the  fourth  word,  march^  the  guide  of  the  left  i^ 
not  to  move  ;  the  company  will  step  off  smartly  ; 
the  leading  file,  conducted  by  the  captain,  must 
wheel  to  the  left  about,  moving  along  the  front 
rank,  now  marching  in  file  so  as  to  arrive  at  the 
distance  of  two  paces  in  rear  of  the  guide  of  the 
ld\,  who  has  not  moved  nor  followed  the  compa- 
ny ;  each  file  will  wheel,  successively,  on  the  same 
ground  on  which  the  leading  file>  wheeled,  and  in 
the  same  manner  ;  and  when  the  leading  file  has 
arrived  as  far  as  the  guide  of  the  left,  the  captaia 
must  command, 

1.  Company, 
2,  Halt. 

~     3.    FilONT. 

4.  Right — DRESS. 

The  first  word  of  command  is  to  be  given,  when 
the  leading  file  is  within  two  paces  of  the  point, 
where  the  company  ought  to  halt. 

On  the  second  word,  the  company  is  to  half. 

On  the  third  word,  the  company  face  to  the 
side  the  front  rank  is  on. 

At  the  fourlh  the  word,  the  company  will  move 
up  to  the  alignment  marked  by  the  position  of 
the  guide  of  the  left  5  the  man  on  the  right  of  the 


COMPANY  EXERCISE.  113 

front  rank,  will  place  himself  fa  the  left  and  by 
the  side  of  the  guide  ;  the  captain  will  place  him- 
self at  the  distanc3  of  two  paces  to  the  right  of 
the  guide,  in  order  to  direct  the  alignment,  when 
effected,  he  must  command,  FRONT,  placing  him- 
self before  the  centre  of  the  company  ;  the  cover- 
ing sergeant  will  then  place  himself  on  the  right 
of  the  front  rank  ;  and  the  guide  of  the  left,  who 
was  there,  will  move  to  his  place,  to  the  left  of  the 
front  rank. 

In  a  column  with  the  left  in  front,  the  counter* 
march  would  be  executed  on  the  same  principles, 
but  by  inverse  means. 

Finally,  if  it  were  a  column  of  platoons,  the 
countermarch  would  be  executed  by  the  same 
words  of  command  and  in  the  same  manner. 

TO  FORM  TO  EITHER  FLANK,  FROM  OPEN  COLUMNS 
OF    PLATOONS. 

The  company  being  in  open  columns  of  pla- 
toons  to  form  on  the  right,  in  line,  the  instructor 
will  command, 

1.  On  the  right,  form  cowpanif. 
2.  Guides  to  the  rigid. 

At  the  second  word  of  command,  the  guide  of 

each  platoon,  moves,   nimbly,  to  the  right  flank 

of  his  platoon  ;  and  the  soldiers  will  take  the  light 
10* 


il4  COMPANY  EXERCISE. 

touch  of  the  elbows  from  the  right ;  and  the  col- 
umn will  continue  to  march  straight  forward. 

The  instructor  having  given  the  second  word 
of  command,  will  move,  nimbly,  to  the  point 
where  the  right  of  the  company  is  to  rest  in  line  ; 
jTlacicg  himself  there,  facing  to  the  left  of  the  new 
line  he  has  chosen. 

The  line  fixed  on,  ought  k>  be  so  situated  that 
each  platoon,  after  having  turned  to  ilie  right,  with 
the  left  shoulder  forwaid,  may  have,  at  least  four 
paces  to  march  up  to  the  line. 

The  head  of  the  column  having  arrived,  nearly, 
as  far  as  the  instructor,  placed  at  the  point  of  appui^ 
the  chief  of  the  first  platoon  will  command, 

Right  Turn. 

And  when  it  shrdl  be  opposite  to  the  in- 
siructorj 

i\lAacH. 

On  the  \\on\,  march,  the  first  platoon  will  turn 
to  the  right,  and  then  move  to  its  front  ;  the  guide 
will  conduct  himself  in  such  a  manner,  that  the 
man  of  the  front  rank  next  to  him,  and  by  his  side 
arrives  opposite  to  the  instructor ;  the  captain  is 
to  march  two  paces  in  front  of  the  centre  of  the 
first  platoon  ;  and  when  it  arrives  at  the  situaticu 
of  the  instructor,  will  command, 


COMPANY  EXERCISE.  115 

^},  Platoon. 

2.  Halt. 

At  the  word,  halt^  the  platoon  is  to  halt  ;  the 
guide  will  immediately  on  that,  move  along  the 
new  line  till  opposite  to  one  of  the  three  files  on 
the  left  of  his  platoon  ;  he  will  face  tosvards  the 
instructor,  who  aligns  him  on  the  point  of  direc- 
tion bejoad  (he  left ;  and  the  captain  is  to  move, 
at  the  same  time,  to  the  point  where  the  right 
will  rest  when  dressed  up,  commanding,  when 
there, 

Right — DRESS. 

At  (his  word,  the  first  platoon  is  to  dress  for- 
ward. 

The  second  platoon  will  continue  to  march 
straight  on  until  it  arrives  opposite  to  the  left 
flank  of  the  first;  when,  by  command  of  the  chief, 
it  will  turn  to  the  right  and  move  up,  then,  to- 
wards the  line,  the  guide  conducting  his  march  on 
the  left  file  of  the  first  platoon. 

The  second  platoon,  being  arrived  within  two 
paces  of  the  line,  will  be  halted  by  its  chief,  by  the 
same  words  of  command  prescribed  for  the  first ; 
at  the  instant  of  halting,  the  guide  is  to  spring 
forward,  nimbly,  placing  himself  on  the  line  of 
formation,  facing  the  guide  of  the  first  platoon; 
the  instructor  will  direct  him  to  move  to  the  right 


116  COMPANY  EXBRCISf:. 

or  left,  till  he  is  oa  the  line  ;  and  the  guide  must 
take  care  to  be  opposite  to  one  of  the  three  files 
on  the  left  of  his  platoon. 

The  chief  of  the  second  platoon,  seeing  his 
guide  established  on  the  line,  will  command, 

Right — DRESS* 

The  chief  of  the  second  platoon,  after  giving 
this  order,  will  quickly  retire  to  the  rank  of  file- 
closers,  passing  between  the  first  and  second  pla- 
toons, and  the  second  platoon  is  to  dress  up  to  the 
first. 

The  man  of  each  platoon,  who  is  opposite  to 
the  guide  placed  before  him  will,  in  dressing,  gent- 
ly press  his  breast  against  the  arm  of  (he  guide,  at 
the  moment  of  coming  up  to  the  line. 

The  instructor  on  seeing  the  company  in  line,* 
is  to  give  the  word  of  command, 

Guides  toyour — posts. 

At  this  word  of  command,  the  covering  sergeant 
will  go  to  his  situation,  covering  the  captain ;  and 
the  guide  of  the  second  platoon,  will  retire  to  the 
rank  of  file-closers. 

A  column  of  platoons,  with  the  left  in  front,  will 
form  on  the  left  flank,  on  the  same  principles; 
and  by  the  same  words  of  command,  except- 
ing that  the  word  left,  is  substituted  for  the  word 
right. 


COMPANY  EXERCISE.  lir 

In  going  through  the  four  last  lessons,  the  in- 
structor should  often  order  the  company  to  sup- 
port arms,  and  accustom  the  men  to  march  thusj 
with  the  same  regularity  and  precision  as  if  arms 
were  shouldered. 

When  the  men  support  arms  marching,  they 
may  be  permitted,  either  to  let  the  right  hand  re- 
main at  the  small  of  the  stock  of  the  firelock,  or 
to  let  it  fall  to  the  side,  as  they  may  find  either 
position  most  convenient. 

MANUAL  EXERCISE  OF  THE  SER« 
GEANTS. 

The  noQ-commissioned  officers,  as  also  all  the 
men  of  the  battalion,  must  always,  when  under 
arms,  have  their  bayonets  fixed. 

The  covering  sergeants,  and  the  non-commis- 
sioned officers  in  the  rank  of  file  closers,  as  well 
as  those  attached  to  the  guard  of  the  colours,  will 
hav«  their  fire-locks  in  the  position  about  to  be 
described. 

ADVANCED   ARMS. 

The  firelock  in  the  right  hand,  against  the 
point  nearly  of  the  shoulder,  the  barrel  perpendic- 
ular, and  to  the  rear,  the  ramrod  outwards,  the 
right  arm  almost  at  its  full  extent,  the  right  hand 
embracing  the  cock  and  guard,  the  butt  along  the 


1 1 8  COMPANY  EXERCISE. 

right  tbigli,  and  the  left  haad  hanging  by  J^e  left 
side. 

Present — arms. 

One  word  and  two  motions. 

First  9notio7i. 

Carry  the  firelock  with  the  right  hand  perpen- 
dicularly, opposite  to  the  left  eye,  the  ramrod,  to 
the  front,  the  cock  as  high  as  the  lowest  waist- 
coat button ;  grasp,  at  the  same  time,  the  firelock 
with  the  left  hand,  the  little  finger  against  the 
feather  spring  of  the  pan-steel,  the  thumb  stretch- 
ed upwards  along  the  barrel  and  stock,  the  fore 
part  of  the  arm  held  close  to  the  body,  without 
constraint ;  and  remain  facing  steady  to  the  front, 
without  stirring  the  feet. 

Second  Motion, 

Grasp  the  firelock  with  the  right  hand  under, 
and  at  the  guard,  as  the  rank  and  file  do. 

AdvancC'^AKMS. 

One  word  and  two  motions. 

First  Motion, 

Slip  the  left  hand  as  high  as  the  shoulder,  ami 
carry,  with  this  hand,  the  firetock  perpendicular- 
ly, te,  and  against  the  right  shoulder;  grasp,  with 


t 


COMPANY  EXERCISE.  119 

the  right  hand,   the  cock  and  guard,  extending 
the  right  arm,  almost  fully,  downwards. 

.  Second  motion. 

Let  the  left  hand  fall. 

Order — arms. 
One  word  and  two  motions. 

First  Motion. 

Carry,  smartly,  the  left  hand  to  the  centre  pipe; 
detach  a  little,  with  the  right  hand  the  firelock 
from  the  right  shoulder ;  quit  hold,  at  the  same 
time,  v.ith  the  right  hand;  sink  down  (he  firelock 
with  the  left  hand;  seize  it  again,  with  the  right 
hand  above  the  tail-pipe,  the  right  thumb  on  the 
barrel,  in  order  to  grasp  it,  the  four  fingers  extend- 
ed on  the  stock,  the  firelock  perpendicular,  the 
butt  at  three  inches  from  the  ground,  the  heel  of 
the  butt  hanging  over  the  spot,  on  the  side  of  the 
point  of  the  right  foot ;  and  let  the  left  hand  fall. 

Second  Motion. 

By  opening,  a  little,  the  fingers  of  the  right 
hand,  let  the  firelock  slip  through  them,  and  fall 
10  the  ground,  in  such  a  manner,  that  the  heel  of 
the  butt  may  rest  at  theside  of,  and  close  to  the 
point  of  the  right  foot. 


iSO  COMPANY  EXERCISE. 

J^/yflWC^— ARMS. 

One  word  and  two  motions. 

First  motion. 

Raise  the  firelock,  perpendicularly  with  the 
right  hand,  as  high  as  the  right  breast,  opposite 
to  the  shoulder,  at  the  distance  of  two  inches  from 
the  body,  the  right  elbow  being  held  close  to  it ; 
seize  the  firelock  with  the  left  hand,  under  (he 
place  of  the  right,  or  nearly,  at  the  tail-pipe ;  and, 
immediately  let  fall  the  right  hand  to  grasp  the 
cock  and  guard,  leaning  the  firelock  against  the 
shoulder. 

Second  motion. 

Let  fall  the  left  arm,  the  right  arm  being,  near- 
ly, fully  extended. 

Support — ARx\is. 

One  rvord  and  three  motions. 

First  Motion, 

Carry  the  firelock  to  the  front  of  the  body,  per- 
pendicularly opposite  to,  and  betvveen  the  eyes, 
with  the  right  hand,  the  ramrod  outwards;  seize 
the  firelock  with  the  left  hand  at  the  tail  pipe, 
raise  it  as  high  as  the  chin ;  and  at  the  same  time, 
grasp  the  firelock,  with  the  right  hand,  four  inch- 
es under  the  lock. 


COMPANY  EXERCISE.  121 

Second  Motion. 

Turn  the  firelock  with  the  right  haad,  so  as  to 
bring  the  barrel  to  the  front,  conducting  it,  at  the 
same  time,  to  the  left  shoulder;  and  pass  the  left 
fore  arm,  horizontally,  on,  or  across  <he  breast, 
between  the  right  hand  and  the  cock,  supporting 
the  cock  on  the  left  fore  arm,  the  left  hand  resting 
on  the  tight  breast. 

Third  Motion. 

Let  the  right  hand  fall  to  the  right  side. 

Advance — arms. 

One  word  and  three  motions. 

First  Motion, 

Grasp  the  firelock  with  the  right  hand,  under, 
and  close  to  the  left  fore  arm. 

Second  Motion. 

Carry  the  firelock,  perpendicularly,with  the  right 
hand  to,  and  against  the  right  shoulder,  the  ram- 
rod  to  the  front;  seize  it  with  the  left  hand  as  high 
as  the  right  shoulder;  and  turn  the  right  hand,  at 
the  same  time,  in  order  to  grasp  the  cock  and 
guard,  the  right  arm  extending  downwards  nearly 
to  its  full  length. 

Third  Bioiim, 

Let  fall  the  left  arm. 
11 


122  COMPANY  EXERCISE. 

MANUAL   EXERCISE  OF   THE  CORPO- 
RALS. 

When  the  corporals  are  in  the  ranks,  they  use 
Iheir  arms  in  the  same  manner,  as  the  other  rank 
and  file  do ;  but  should  they  be  in  the  rank  of 
file  closers,  or  conduct  the  head  of  a  body  of  men, 
or  have  charge  of  a  relief  of  sentinels,  or  belong 
to  the  colour  guard  they,  must  carry  the  firelock 
in  the  right  hand,  like  the  sergeants. 

SWORD  MANUAL  OF  THE  OFFICERS- 

MODE  OF  CARRYING  THE  SWORD  WHEN  IN  THE 
I  RANKS. 

The  gripe  of  the  sword  in  the  right  hand, 
which  ought  to  be  placed  as  high  as  and  against 
the  right  haunch,  the  blade  being  supported  or 
leaning  against  the  shoulder. 

When  the  ranks  order  arms,  the  officers  drop 
the  blade  of  the  sword  by  the  right  side  wiih  the 
point  a  little  advanced,  and  about  two  inches 
from  the  ground. 

SW^ORD    SALUTE,    WHETHER     IN    THE     RANKS,    OR 
MARCHING. 

Four  niotiotis. 

One.  Raise  the  sword  perpendicularly,  with 
the  point  uppermost,  the  flat  of  the  blade  opposite 


COMPANY  EXERtJISE.  12S 

to  the  right  eye,  the  guard  as  high  as  the  right 
breast,  aod  the  elbow  against  the  body. 

Trv(K  Bring  down  the  blade  smartly,  by  ex- 
tending the  arm  in  such  a  manner  that  the  right 
hand  may  be  placed  at  the  side  of  the  right  thigh, 
and  rest  in  that  position,  until  the  person  saluted 
shall  have  passed  two  paces. 

Three.     Raise  up   the  sword  agaia    smirtly, 
holding  it  as  described  at  one. 

Fmir.  Carry  the  sword  to  the  right  shoulder, 
or  sink  the  blade  into  the  left  hand,  according  to 
ciicumstances. 

SALUTE  BY  THE  COLOURS. 

In  the  ranks,  whether  halting  or  marching,  the 
bearer  of  the  colours,  must  always  bear  the  bot- 
tom of  the  staff  against  the  right  haunch,  and  the 
salute  is  executed  as  follows. 

When  within  six  paces  of  the  person  to  be  sa- 
luted, sink  down,  gently  the  staff,  within  six  inch- 
es of  the  ground,  without  moving  the  bottom 
of  the  staff  from  the  haunch,  facing  steadily  in  the 
same  direction  as  before  saluting ;  raise  up  again, 
gently,  and  slowly  the  staT,  when  the  pprson  sa- 
luted shall  have  been  passed,  or  shall  have  passed 
two  paces. 


APPENDIX  : 

CONTAINING 

FORMATION  OF  A  REGIMENT 

IN  THE  ORDER  OF 

BATTLE  AJ^D  LIJ^E. 

REVIEWS,  &c.  &c. 


FORMATION  OF    A  REGIMENT  IN  OR^ 
DER  OF  BATTLE,  OR  LINE. 

Plate  i. 

Whatever  may  be  (he  situation  of  a  brigade  in 
the  order  of  battle  or  line,  (he  oldest  regiment  will 
be  formed  oo  the  right,  and  the  youngest  on  the 
left. 

Every  regiment  constitutes  a  battalion,  and  is 
known  by  that  denomination  in  exercise  and  ac- 
tion. 

The  interval  between  battalions  is  twelve 
paces. 


126  APPEiNDIX. 

The  badalion  consists  of  eight  battalion  com- 
panies and  two  of  light  infantry. 

The  battalion  companies  are  divided  into  twa 
half  battalions,  called  the  right  and  left  ^ings— 
the  right  wing  will  be  composed  of  the  companies 
of  the  first,  third,  fifth,  and  seventh  battalion  cap- 
tains. To  the  left  wing  belong  the  companies  of 
the  second,  fourth,  sixth,  and  eighth  battalion 
captains. 

The  battalion  companies  will  be  drawn  up  from 
the  right  (o  the  left  of  the  battalion,  in  the  follow- 
ing order,  accordiog  to  the  rank  of  the  captains  ; 
first,  fifth,  third,  seventh,  second,  sixth,  fourth, 
eighth. 

The  two  companies  of  light  infantry  are  denom- 
inated first  and  second,  according  to  the  seniority 
of  the  captains  who  command  them,  and  will  be 
posted  on  the  right  of  the  battalion,  according  to 
rank. 

A  ditferent  disposition  is  made  of  the  light  in- 
fantry companies,  when  performing  the  peculiar 
duties  of  light  itrfantry. 

The  Ijattalion  companies  as  posted,  will  be  reck- 
oncii  by  the  names  of  the  first,  second,  third,  fourth, 
fifth,  sixth,  seventh,  and  eight,  successivelj^ 
commencing  on  the  right,  and  ending  on  the  left 
of  the  battalion. 

The  first  and  second  battalion  companies  will 
form  the  first  grand  division  ;  the  third  and  fourth, 
the  second  graml  division  ;  the  fifth  and  sixth,  the 


APPENDEX.  127 

Ujird  grand  division  ;  the  seventh  ami  eighth,  the 
fourth  grand  division;  the  first  and  second  com- 
panies of  light  infantry  ^vilI  compose  a  grand  di- 
vision of  light  infantry. 

Every  company  will  be  divided  into  two  pla- 
toons, called  the  first  and  second. 

Every  platoon  will  be  divided  into  a  right  or 
left  section  of  equal  size,  to  le  called  the  first, 
second,  third  and  fourth  sections ;  commencing  oa 
the  right,  and  ending  on  the  left  of  the  company. 
The  files  will  be  numbered  from  the  right  (o  the 
left  flank  of  the  company,  1 ,  2,  3,  &c. 

The  habitual  order  of  formation  will  be  that  of 
two  ranks,  with  a  rank  of  file- closers. 

Every  company,  whatever  may  be  its  place  m 
the  battalion,^  will  be  formed  of  men  sized  from  the 
flanks  to  the  centre.  When  formed  in  two  ranks, 
one  half,  consisting  of  the  shortest  men,  will  form 
the  front  rank — when  formed  in  three  ranks,  one 
third  part,  consisting  of  ihe  shortest  men,  will  form 
the  front  rank ;  one  third  j>ait,  consisting  of  the 
tallest  men,  will  form  the  rear  rank ;  and  the  re- 
maining third  will  form  the  intermediate  rank. 

The  distance  from  rank  to  rank  will  be  one 
foot,  which  will  be  measured  from  the  breasts  of 
the  men  of  the  rear  ranks,  to  the  backs  of  the  men 
who  are  in  front  of  them  respectively  in  their  files. 
When  the  knapsack  is  on,  the  foot  will  be  raeos^ 
iired  ta  the  back  of  the  knapsack. 


12t  APPENDIX. 

The  companies  must  be  always  equalized,  hy 
assigning  over  men,  if  necessary,  from  one  compa* 
ny  to  another. 

The  srituation  of  the  ofi&cers  and  non  commig- 
sioned  officers  in  the  order  of  battle  or  line,  is  the 
same,  as  when  the  company  is  formed  in  the  ha- 
bitUHl  order  of  two  deep. 

SITUATION  OP  THE  FIELD  OFFIGERS,. 
AND  REGIMENTAL  STAFF. 

The  field  officers  and  commissioned  regimental 
staff  will  be  mounted. 

The  colonel  will  be  posted  twenty  paces  in  the 
rear  of  the  rank  of  file- closers,  and  opposite  to  the 
centre  of  the  battalion. 

The  lieutenant  colonel,  the  major,  the  adju- 
tant, and  the  sergeant  major,  will  all  be  ten  pa- 
ces in  the  rear  of  the  rank  of  file-closers. 

The  lieutenant  colonel  will  be  opj)Osite  to  the 
centre  of  the  right  wing.  Tlie  major  opposite  to 
the  centre  of  the  left  wing.  The  adjutant  oppo- 
site to  the  right,  and  the  sergeant  major  opposite 
to  the  left  of  the  battalion.  The  adjutant  will 
aid  the  lieutenant  colonel,  and  the  sergeant  mjjor 
will  aid  the  major  in  the  performance  of  their  re- 
Bpeciive  duties  in  the  evolutions. 

The  quarter-master,  surgeon,  and  surgeons's 
mates,  drawn  up  from  right  to  left,  in  the  order 
in  >\hich  they  are  mentioned^  i^ill  be  posted  CD 


APPENDIX.  129 

the  left  of  the  colonel,  three  paces  in  the  rear  of 
him. 

The  quarter-master-sergeant  will  be  posted  in 
Vihe  with  the  front  rank  cf  the  piooeers,  three  pa- 
ces on  the  right  of  them. 

POSTS  OF  THE  DRUMMERS  AND    MU- 
SICIANS IN  LINE. 

The  drummers  and  fifers  of  the  battalion  will 
be  formed  in  two  ranks,  the  fifers  in  fr^nt.  They 
will  be  placed  twelve  paces  in  rear  of  the  rank  of 
fileclosers,  opposite  to  the  left  centre  company. 

The  senior  principal  musician  will  be  in  front, 
and  the  other  in  rear,  of  the  whole. 

When  there  is  a  regimental  band,  it  will  be 
placed  in  one  rank,  two  paces  behind  the  drum- 
niers; 

The  pioneers,  drawn  up  in  two  ranks,  will  be 
posted  twelve  paces  in  the  rear  of  the  rank  of  file- 
closers,  opposite  to  the  right  centre  company.— 
The  cor[  oral  of  pioneers  will  be  two  paces  in  front 
of  them. 

COLOUKS  AND  COLOUR  GUARD. 

The  national  and  regimental  colours  will  be 
borne  by  two  sergeants. 

The  colour-guard  consists  of  a  sergeant  and 
three  corporals. 

The  Golouri3  and  their  guard  will  be  posted  on 


130  APPENDIX. 

the  left  of  the  fourth  company  and  are  to  be  reck- 
oned among  the  number  of  files  of  that  company, 
v?hich  on  that  account  is  to  have  three  files  less 
than  the  other  companies. 

The  colour- bearers  will  be  placed  in  the  front 
rank,  with  the  sergeant  of  the  colour-guard  be- 
tween them.  The  three  corporals  will  be  placed 
behind  them  in  the  second  rank. 

When  the  order  of  formation  is  three  deep,  three 
more  corporals  must  be  added  to  the  guard,  and 
placed  in  the  third  rank  behind  the  others. 

The  corporals  of  the  colour  guard,  and  all  ser-^ 
geants,  will  have  their  arms  advanced. 

It  is  of  the  utmost  importance  in  marching  in 
order  of  battle  (or  line,)  that  the  sergeant,  placed 
between  the  colours,  should  be  thoroughly  disci- 
plined. 

POSITION    OF     THE    BATTALION    OFFICERS    WHEN^ 
MARCHING  IN    OP£N  COLUMN. 

In  a  battalion  receiving  «?lementary  instruction 
the  colonel  has  no  fixed  place  assigned  him ;  but 
in  columns  composed  of  several  battalions,  he  will 
habitually  take  post,  on  the  pivot  ffcink  of  the  col- 
umn at  the  distance  of  eight  or  ten  paces  from  the 
guides  and  opposite  to  the  centre  of  the  battaliaD. 

The  lieutenant  colonel  and  m^jor  on  the  pivot 
flank  of  the  column,  the  former  in  the  line  of  the 
front  of  the  lendirig,  and  the  latter,  in  that  of  tbe 
Ijront  of  the  rear  division. 


APPENDIX.  131 

*rhe  adjutant  and  serpceant  major,  near  thelieu- 
tenant-colonel  and  mdjor,  to  aid  them. 

POSITION   OF   THE    DRUMMERS   AND 
FIFERS. 

In  column  of  manoeuvre,  the  drums  march  on 
the  reverse  flank,  dressing  with  the  front  of  the 
left  centre  company. 

In  column  of  route,  as  also  in  passing  defiles 
to  the  front,  or  rear;  in  retreating,  they  must  march 
at  the  head  of  the  battalion. 

FORMATION    AND  ORDER    OF  MARCH    OP  A    PARTY 
TO  ESCORT  THF  COLOURS. 

When  the  drums  beat  for  parading  the  battal- 
ion under  arms,  if  the  colours  are  required,  one  of 
the  two  companies  of  light  infantry,  or  if  they  are 
detached,  one  of  the  battalion  companies,  will 
march  to  bring  and  escort  the  colours,  in  the  fol- 
lowing order. 

The  drum-major,  and  the  drummers  of  ihe  bat- 
talion, followed  by  the  band,  the  detachment  in 
cohimn  of  platoons,  with  supported  arms;  and  the 
two  sergeants  appointed  for  carrying  the  colours, 
abreast,  between  the  two  platoons. 

The  party  marches,  in  this  order,  without  mu- 
sic, or  beat  of  drum. 

When  arrived  in  front  of  its  colonel's  quarters, 
the  platoons  wheel  up  into  line,  with  the  band 
formed  on  the  right. 


132  APPENDIX. 

As  soon  as  the  detachment  is  iq  liae,  the  two 
sergeants  who  are  to  carry  the  colours,  will  pro- 
ceed to  receive  them,  accompanied  by  the  lieu- 
tenant, and  a  sergeant  belonging  to  the  party. 

When  afterwards,  the  two  sergeants  come  out 
with  the  colours,  followed  by  the  lieutenant  and 
sergeant,  they  will  halt  before  the  door,  or  gate. 

At  the  instant  when  the  colours  are  brought 
out,  the  officer  commanding  the  party  will  order 
arms  to  be  presented,  and  the  drums  will  beat  the 
troop. 

After  beating  sometime  accompanied  by  the 
band,  the  officer  commanding  the  party  will  direct 
the  beating  and  music  to  cease  ;  and  he  will  order 
the  party  then  to  shoulder  arms,  and  to  wheel  or 
file  into  platoons;  the  two  sergeants  who  carry 
the  colours,  place  themselves,  side  by  side  be- 
tween the  two  platoons;  and  the  lieutenant  and 
sergeant  "resume  their  places. 

The  officer  commanding  ^YilI  then,  march  off 
tlie  party  in  the  same  order  in  which  it  arrived, 
in  order  to  join  the  regiment  assembled  on  the 
parade.     The  drums  beat  and  the  music  plays. 

COxMPr.IMENTS  PAID  TO  THE  COLOURS. 

When  the  colours  arrive,  the  colonel  will  or- 
der arms  to  be  shouldered,  the  drums  will  cease 
beating,  and  in  quick  time,  with  the  party,  will 
resume  their  places  in  line,  passing  for  that  pur- 


APPENDIX.  133 

pose  in  rear  of  the  regiment ;  and  (he  colonel  will 
place  himself  six  paces  in  front  of  the  file  in  the 
centre  of  his  battalion. 

The  bearers  of  the  colours,  v,n\\  march,  in  quick 
time,  side  by  side,  at  the  distance  of  ten  paces  be- 
fore the  front,  halting  opposite  to  the  centre  of  the 
battalion,  and  facing  towards  it ;  the  colonel  will, 
then,  order  arms  to  be  presented,  he  himself,  im- 
mediately afterwards,  saluting  with  the  sword : 
the  bearers  of  the  colours  will  immediately,  take 
their  posts  in  the  centre  of  the  battalion,  and  the 
colonel  is  to  order  arms  to  be  shouldered,  when 
the  colours  take  post  in  line :  the  colours  are  es- 
corted back  in  the  order  prescribed  above. 

REVIEW  OF  PARADE. 

When  a  regiment  or  battalion  is  to  be  reviewed, 
it  will  be  drawn  up  in  the  habitual  order  and  pre- 
pared for  review  in  the  following  manner  : 

The  ranks  at  open  order;  the  colours  six  paces 
before  the  centre  of  the  battalion  ;  the  colonel  on 
foot  twelve  paces  belbre  the  colours ;  the  lieuten' 
ant-colonel  on  foot  twelve  paces  before  the  centre 
of  the  right;  the  major  on  foot  in  line  with 
the  lieutenant-colonel,  before  the  centre  of  the 
left  wing ;  the  adjutant  on  the  right  of  the  regi- 
ment in  the  line  of  officers,  the  captains  eight  pa- 
ces before  their  intervals,  the  other  officers  in  the 
same  line,  opposite  to  their  respective  places;  the 

covering  sergeants  in  the  front  rank ;  the  other 
12 


ru  APPENDIX. 

sergeants  in  the  rank  of  file-clbsers,  except  one  in 
the  front  rank  or  the  left  of  the  battalion;  the 
musicians  and  pioneers  on  the  right. 

The  general  officer,  who  is  to  review  the  battal- 
ion, will  approach  (he  centre.  When  he  arrives 
■within  forty  paces  of  the  colonel,  the  latter  will 
order : 

Battalion. 

This  word  will  be  repeated  by  the  lieutenant- 
colonel  and  major;  and  then  the  colonel  will  order ; 

Present — arms. 

This  command  having  been  repeated,  the  regi- 
ment will  present  arms;  the  office  rs  w  ill  salute  with 
the  sword ;  the  last  motion  of  the  salute  correspon- 
ding in  time  with  tlie  last  motion  of  presenting 
arms ;  the  colours  will  salute  at  the  same  time, 
and  the  drums  will  beat,  according  to  the  rank  of 
the  reviewing  general.  As  soon  as  he  turns  to  go 
to  the  right,  the  colonel  will  command  : 

Shoulder^ — ^arms. 

This  command  will  be  repeated  by  the  lieuten- 
ant-colonel and  major,  and  the  regiment  will 
shoulder  arms,  the  officers  recovering  their  swoids 
at  the  same  time. 

The  general  having  arrived  at  the  right,  will 
pass  along  the  front  to  the  left ;  the  whole  remain- 
ing steady  ;  from  the  left  he  will  turn  off  to  place 


APPENDIX  135 

himself  in  front.  *The  colonel,  lieutenant-colonel, 
major,  and  adjutant,  will  pass  to  the  rear,  mount 
on  horse-back,  and  take  their  positions,  when  the 
colonel  will  command : 

Rear  ranks^  close  order. 

This  command  having  been  repeated,  the  offi- 
cers will  face  to  their  companies ;  the  colonel 
will  then  command  : 

March. 

At  this  word  repeated,  the  rear  ranks  close  to 
the  front,  and  the  officers,  stepping  off,  at  the  same 
time,  take  tlieir  posts  in  the  line. 

The  colonel  will  then  form  the  open  column  of 
companies  by  wheeliiig  (o  the  right,  and  com- 
mand, 

THE  REGIMENT  WILL  PASS  IN  REVIEWS 

This  caution  will  be  repeated,  and  the  lieuten- 
ant colonel,  and  nfajor,  will  place  themselves  at 
the  head  of  iheir  respective  divisions,  each  four 
paces  before  the  captain,  who  commands  the  lead- 
ing company  5  the  regimental  staff  will  take  post 
in  the  rear  of  the  column  ;  the  colonel  will  place 
himself  OH  the  right  of  the  lieutenant  colonel,  the 
musicians  will  precede  the  colonel  six  paces ;  the 
colonel  will  then  command  : 

*  A  camp  colour  should  be  placed  about  80  or  100  paces 
in  front  of  the  centre  of  the  battalion  to  desigaate  the  statioo 
t»f  the  reviewing  ofllcer^ 


136  APPENDIX. 

}.   Support — ARMS. 

2.  Columnfonvard, 

3.  Guide  to  the  right* 

4.  BIarch. 

These  words  of  command  will  be  severally  re- 
peated by  the  lieutenaat-colonel  and  major;  the 
last  by  the  captains  commanding  companies, 
also;  and  the  column  will  move.  It  will  change 
direction  twice  to  the  left,  the  companies  wheel- 
ing on  a  moveable  pivot.     The   wheeling  points 

f  having  been  previously  ascertained  by  the  adju- 
tant, a  camp  colour  or  marker  should  be  placed 
at  each  ;  that  the  march  of  the  column  may  be 
correct  and  that  the  platoons  may  all  wheel  ex- 
actly on  the  same  ground.  The  right  flank  of 
the  column  should  pass  within  four  paces  of  the 
reviewing  genera!.     When  the  first  company  ar- 

.<#ive3  within  fifty  paces  of  the  general,  the  lieu- 
tenant colonel  will  order  the  battalion  to  carry 
arms,  the  rear  ranks  to  take  open  order  and  the  mu- 
sic to  i>lay,  at  which  time  the  ofiScers  in  the  rank 
of  file  closers  will  move  to  the  front,  and  station 
themselves  two  paces  in  front  of  their  company 
and  opposite  to  their  respective  places. 

The  soldiers  and  guides  will  march  with  the 
head  direct  to  the  front ;  the  officers  will  throw 
back  the  shoulder  a  little,  and  look  steadily  at  the 
general  as  they  pass;  when  within  six  paces  they 
will  salute  with  ths  sword,  and  recover  whea 


APPENDIX.  IS? 

they  have  respectively  passed  him  two  paces.—* 
The  colours  will  salute,  if  the  rank  of  the  review- 
ing  officer  entitles  him  to  that  honour* 

When  the  colonel  has  saluted  at  the  head  of  the 
regiment  he  will  advance  to  the  general,  and 
place  himself  near  him,  until  the  whole  have  pas- 
sed. At  the  same  time  the  musicians  will  be 
wheeled  to  the  left  by  the  drum  major,  and  formed 
opposite  to  the  general,  where  they  will  play  un- 
til the  last  company  passes,  then  cease  and  follow 
in  its  rear.  The  officers  commanding  companies 
having  passed  the  reviewing  officer  thirty  paces, 
will  successively  close  the  rear  ranks  of  their 
compnaies,  and  the  other  platoon  officers  resume 
their  places  in  the  line  of  file  closers. 

When  the  head  of  the  column  arrives  opposite 
and  in  front  of  the  ground  on  which  the  left  of  the 
left  wing  stood,  it  will  change  direction  to  the  left, 
inarch  to  its  original  ground,  halt,  wheel  into  line, 
and  order  arms  ;  the  general  will  then  order  the 
performance  of  such  Exercise  and  manoeuvres  as 
he  thinks  proper. 

REVIEW   OF   INSPECTION. 

The  battalion  is  drawn  up  in  companies  at 
open  order,  the  drams  and  fifes  on  the  right,  and 
the  colours  on  the  left  of  the  fourth  battalion  com- 
pany. 

The  inspector  will  begin  with  a  general  review, 

passing  along  the  front  of  the  battalion,  from  right 

12* 


138  APPENDIX. 

to  left,  accompanied  by  the  field  and  staff  officer 
The  general  review  being  over,  the  colonel  wiili 
command : 

1.  Rear  ranks  dose  order. 

2.  March. 

The  rear  ranks  will  close  to  the  front,  the  ofiS- 
cers  remaining  in  front. 

1 .  ^3/  Companies,  right  wheel. 

2.  March. 

Each  company  wheels  to  the  right ;  the  cap- 
tains will  then  opfn  the  ranks,  and  order: 

1 .  Non-cominissioned  officers^ 

2.  To  the  front. 

3.  March. 

The  officers  take  post  four  paces,  and  the  aon- 
commissioned  officers  two  paces  in  frobt  of  their 
companies. 

The  whole  then  order  their  firelocks,  and  pre- 
pare for  inspection  by  words  of  command  of  their 
captain. 

The  field  and  staff  officers  accompany  the  in- 
spector while  he  inspects  the  companies;  and 
when  the  inspection  is  over,  the  colonel  will  cause 
the  battalion  to  perform  any  exercise  or  manoeu- 
vres the  inspector  may  think  proper. 


EXPLANATION 

6p  the 

PLATES. 

GENERAL   R  KM  ARKS. 

In  all  the  plates,  the  heavy  or  deep  drawn  lines^ 
represent  the  front  rank.  The  dotted  double 
lines  indicate  the  position  occupied  previous  t© 
the  movement. 

The  parallelogram-figures,  not  etched  by  a  sha- 
ding of  parallel  small  black  lines,  represent  the 
troops  subsequent  (o  executing  the  first  movement. 

The  parallelogram  figures  etched  with  small 
parallellines,  represent  the  bodies  of  men,  either 
in  the  ultimate  positioa  after  executing  the  whole 
movement,  or  in  the  last  stage  of  effecting  it. 

The  single  dotted  lines  mark  the  part  over 
which  the  troops  are  to  move  from  one  position  t® 
another. 

The  figure  of  an  arrow  on  irregular  close  dot- 
ted lines,  indicates  the  direction  in  which  the 
guides  on  the  pivot  flank  of  companies  are  to  be 
conducted. 

The  letter  (C)  represents  the  captains  of  com- 
panies, and  the  situation  of  this  letter  shows  the 
direction  ia  which  they  are  facing. 


140  EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATES. 

The  small  squares  on  the  right  and  left  of  com- 
panies represent  the  guides,  and  the  heavy  or 
deep  strokes,  forming  one  of  the  sides  of  these 
squares,  shows  in  what  direction  these  guides  are 
facing. 

The  colonel  is  represented  on  horseback. 

The  lieutenant  colonel  and  major  are  represent- 
ed on  foot,  with  a  sword ;  and  the  adjutant  and 
sergeant-Major  on  foot,  carrying  canes. 

The  arrow  to  be  seen  in  some  of  the  figures, 
indicates  the  direction  of  the  march. 

PLATE  L 

Kepresents  the  formation  of  a  regiment  and  compa- 
ny in  the  order  of  battle,  or  line. 

PLATE  IL 

Principles  oj  the  Olique  Step. 

This  plate  shows  the  mechanism  of  the  oblique 
step  to  the  right.  It  appears  that  the  soldier  has 
planted  his  right  foot  eighteen  inches  to  the  tight 
of  its  original  situation,  and  also  eighteen  inches 
to  the  right  and  front  of  the  left  heel.  This  will 
give  the  diagonal  (a  b,)  6ver  which  the  right  foot 
moves,  nearly  twenty-six  inches.  The  left  foot 
is  then  carried  from  (a)  to  (c)  about  eighteen  in- 
dies in  front  of  the  right  heel.  The  line  (a  c)  is 
about  forty  inches. 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATES.  141 

PLATE  IIL 

Figure  1. 

Position  of  the  soldier  under  arms,  represented 
fronting  the  eye,  being  a  front  view. 

Note,  The  feet  form  with  each  other  an  angle 
less  than  a  right  angle,  because  that  in  this  posi- 
tion the  weight  of  the  body  bears  equally  divided 
over  the  whole  sole  of  the  foot.  Were  the  feet 
more  turned  out,  the  surface  of  the  supporting  base 
would  diminish  as  the  angle  opened  toward  the 
line  (A  B,)  and  the  soldier  would  have  less  per- 
pendicular firmness,  in  his  bearing  forward  posi- 
tion. The  knees  are  straight  without  stiffuess.-— 
The  body  is  divided  into  two  equal  parts  by  the 
perpendicular  line  (C  D.)  The  firelock  is  perpen- 
dicular to  the  base  line,  and  the  whole  position  is 
easy  and  accurate,  without  being  constrained. 

Figure  2. 

The  position  of  the  soldier  represented  in  profile. 

The  perpendicular  line  (C  D)  passes  behind 
the  head.  The  upper  part  of  the  body,  which 
gives  the  impulsive  spring  in  marching,  is  thowa 
forward. 

Figure  3. 

Position  of  the  soldier  iu  marching. 


142  EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATES.  . 

Note,  The  figure  in  the  plate  is  copied  from 
nature,  and  is  represented  at  the  moment  at  which 
the  foot  is  coming  to  the  ground,  after  the  extent 
of  the  step  has  been  taken. 

Figures  4,  5,  and  6, 

Represent  the  soldier  after  having  executed  the 
first,  second,  and  third  compound  movements 
of  loading  in  quick  time. 

PLATE  IV. 

Figure  1. 

Represents  the  front  rank  man  kneeling  and  hav- 
ing made  "r^a<^"  for  firing. 

Figure  2. 

Represents  the  centre  rank  man  in  the  position  ol 
having  made  "r^ar/jy"  for  firing. 

Figure  3. 

Represents  the  rear  rank  man  in  the  position  of 
having  made  ^^ready^^  previous  to  aiming. 

Figure  4. 

Represents  the  front   rank  man  in  the  attitude 
of  ^^aiming.'^ 

Figure  5. 

Represents  a  man  of  the  centre  rank  in  the  atti- 
tude of  "aiming^ 


EXPLANATIONOFTHETLATES.  143 

Figure  6, 

Shows  a  rear  i?ank  maa  with  his  firelock  "  aimedJ^ 

PLATE  V. 

Figure  1. 

Represents  a  man  standing  at  "  ordered  annsJ^[ 

Figure  2. 

<*  Presented  armsP 

Figure  3. 

"  Supported  arinsP 

Figure  4. 

**  Charging  bayonetJ^ 

Figure  5. 

"  Trailed  armsP 

PLATE  VL 

Figure  L 

Represents  a  company,  marching  in  file,  to  the 
right  flank,  wheeling  its  head  by  files,  to  the 
left,  and  afterwards  to  the  right. 

Note,  In  the  first  case  it  may  be  perceived  that 
the  men  of  tlie  front  rank  do  not  wheel  abruptly  ; 
and  that  the  men  of  (he  rear  rank  begin  to  step 
l>revious  to  their  arriving  at  the  angle  formed  by 


144  EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATES. 

the  two  directions,  which  naturally  arises  from 
this  species  of  movement. 

In  the  second  case  it  appears  that  the  men  of  the 
rear  rank  describe  proportional  small  arcs  of  con- 
centric circles,  while  the  corresponding  man  of  the 
front  rank,  is  going  over  a  greater  arc,  in  order  to 
wheel  to  the  right  in  file. 

The  chief  of  the  platoon  (b)  is  placed  by  the 
side  of  the  covering  sergf  ant  (a)  in  order  to  con- 
duct the  leading  file  The  from  rank  is  somewhat 
nearer  to  the  rerr  rank  than  when  in  line ;  and 
|t  follows  I  he  movement  of  the  rear  rank  by  con- 
forming to  it. 

The  instructor  (c)  is  posted  at  the  whrt^ling  an* 
^]e  in  order  to  superintend  the  execution  of  the 
movement. 

Figure  2. 

Represents  a  company  marching  in  file  to  the  right 

flank,  and  forming  to  the  right  flank,  by  files, 

successively. 

Note.  Five  front  rank  men  appear  formed  in 
line,  while  only  three  of  the  rear  rank  appear,  at 
the  srme  time,  formed;  in  consequence  of  the 
jnelhod  prescribed  for  this  species  of  formation. 

The  instructor  (d)  stationed  in  a  line  with  the 
front  rank,  and  removed  at  the  distance  of  some 
paces  from  it,  directs  the  formation,  in  proportion 
as  the  men  arrive  on  the  line. 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATES.  145 

Figure  3. 

Represents  a  company  marching  in  file  to  the  right 
flank,  and  forming  to  the  front,  from  file. 

Note,  The  covering  Sergeant  (a)  appears 
marching  straight  forward ;  the  soldiers  bring  the 
right  shoulder  forward,  and  change  to  quitjk  time, 
moving  over  tlie  shortest  lines  leading  to  their 
places,  which  they  are  to  occupy,  file  after  file, 
in  quick  succession.  Each-  file,  as  it  forms  up  on 
the  march,  will  resume  the  common  time.  The 
captain  faces  to  the  rear,  in  order  to  give  the 
command,  guide  to  the  left,  after  the  last,  or  rear 
file,  has  formed  up. 

PLATE  VII. 

Figure  1. 

Represents  a   company   wheeling  forwards  from 
line  into  oj)en  column  of  Platoons. 

Note.  It  appear?  that  upon  the  word  march,  the 
right  hand  man  (c")  of  the  front  rank  of  each  pla- 
tpon  has  faced  to  the  ri<rht.  Tho  ofiioer  of  each 
platoon  has  placed  himself,  as  represented  by  the 
letter  (a)  in  a  line  with  the  front  rank  of  the 
platoon  ns  it  will  stand  after  riTectuig  the  wheel 
of  ninety  degrees.  This  cfficerposts  himself  at 
the  distance  of  some  paces  from  what  wi'i  be  the 
pivo^  after  accomplishing  the  wheel,  and  faces 
to  the  rear. 

13 


146  EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATES. 

When  the  man  who  conducts  the  wheelirig 
living,  has,  in  wheeling,  arrived  within  two  paces 
of  the  point,  perpendicular  to  the  position  in  line, 
the  figure  shows  the  platoon  halted  in  this  posi- 
tion by  the  oflScer  commanding  it. 

At  the  word  halt,  the  covering  sergeant,  and 
the  file  closer,  from  the  left  of  the  rank  of  file-clos- 
ers represented  by  the  letter  (e)  have  placed  them- 
selves in  the  direction  ascertained  by  the  platoon 
officer,  w^ho  has,  immediately  afterwards,  com- 
manded, Lf/V— dress;  front;  and,  then,  moved 
to  the  front  of  the  centre  of  his  platoon,  his  posi- 
tion being  marked  (f.) 

Figure  2. 

Kepresenls  a  company  marching  in  column  of  pla- 
toons, and  turning  on  the  march,  into  a  new 
alignment,  or  direction.  The  wheeling  is  on 
the  pivot  flank. 

Note.  The  plate  shows  that  the  guide  (g)  at 
the  instant  of  his  having  arrived  at  the  wheel- 
ing point  (h,)  has  turned  to  his  left,  and  continued 
the  march  at  the  same  uniform  rate ;  the  wheeling 
point  bus  a  marker  (h)  j>Iace(l  at  it  ;  each  man,  in 
his  file,  brings  forward  the  right  shoulder  a  little* 
arriving,  in  qui<;k  time,  successively  on  the  line  of 
dressing,  as  represented  by  the  files  on  the  right 
(i);  the  files  on  the  left  (U)  are  representeil  after 
having  successively  wheeled,  and  formed  up, con- 
v'jInfT  \\\o.  march. 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PL4TES.  UT 

,.The  instructor  (I),  is  posted  near  the  wheeling, 
point,  superintending  the  movement. 

Figure  3. 

Represents  a  company,  marching  in  column  of 
platoons,  and  wheeling  on  a  moveable  pivot, 
on  the  reverse  flank. 

Note,  At  the  word,  march,  given  at  the  instant 
when  the  guide  (d)  on  the  pivot  flank,  has  arrived 
at  the  marker  (m)  previously  placed,  the  platoon 
executes  the  wheel  to  the  right  on  a  moveable 
pivot,  taking  the  touch  of  the  elbow  from  the  left, 
the  pivot  flank  ;  and  not  from  the  right,  the  reverse 
flank.  T^he  pivot  man  on  the  right,  continues 
taking  steps,  in  wheeling,  of  seven  inches,  in  order 
to  clear  the  ground  for  the  succeeding  platoon.— 
The  letter  (f)  represents  this  pivot-man  on  the 
right.  The  guide  on  the  left,  the  pivot  flank  of 
the  column,  takes  the  usual  step  of  twenty-eight 
inches.  From  the  nature  of  the  movement,  the 
platoon  curves  a  little  at  the  centre,  towards  the 
rear,  as  the  (igure  shows. 

The  guide  of  the  second  platoon  (e)  follows,  ex- 
actly, in  the  track  of  the  preceding  guide.  Each 
guide,  in  his  turn,  takes  care,  in  describing  his  arc 
of  a  circle,  not  to  open  out  from,  or  close  in,  to 
the  point  round  v^hlch  the  pivot -man  wheels. 

The  chiefs  of  platoons,  during  the  wheel,  are  to 
tt^rn  round  to  them,  in  order  to  conduct  the  wheel. 


U8    EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATES. 

Figure  4. 

Represents   a  company   in  column  of  platoons, 
wheeling  forward,  to  the  left,  into  line. 

x^oie.  The  instructor  (a)  has  moved  forward  in 
front  of  the  pivots,  placing  himself  in  a  line  with 
the  guides  on  the  pivot  flank,  facing  towards,  and 
at  the  specified  distance  from  them. 

At  the  word,  marchy  the  man  (h)  on  the  left  of 
the  front  rank  of  each  platoon  faces  to  the  left; 
the  guides  (e)  stand  fast ;  and  when  the  platoon- 
right  flank  of  each  platoon  has  in  wheeling,  ar- 
rived within  two  paces  of  the  line  of  guides,  the 
platoon  officer  commands,  platoon  halt. 

At  the  word,  dresSy  given  by  the  captain,  the 
two  platoons  dress  forward  to  the  line,  by  comple- 
ting the  wheel. 

The  officer  of  the  second  })lafoon,  after  giving 
the  VfOrdhalty  retires  to  the  rank  of  file  closers. 

The  captain  directs  the  dressing  of  both  pla- 
toons. 

PLATE  VIIL 

Figure  1. 

Represents  the  leading  company  of  a   column  of 
route,  forming  platoons. 

Note.  The  platoon  officers,  and  non  commis- 
sioned-officers (a)  are  represented  on  the  pivot 
flank  of  their  respective  platoons. 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATEa.  149 

Figure  2. 

Represents  a  leading  platoon  after  having  on  ac- 
count of  the  increased  narrowness  of  the  defile, 
broken  otf  a  file  on  the  right  (d,)  and  a  file  on 
the  left  (b.)  The  two  files  broke  off  from  the 
rank  of  file-closers  (e.) 

Figure  7. 

Represents  the  platoon  marching  on  a  front  of 
eight  files,  by  causing  the  file  of  the  right  (x) 
and  the  file  of  the  left  (y,)  to  move  up  to  the 
front.  The  file  of  the  officer  (z)  inclines  to  the 
left,  in  order  to  make  room  for  the  file  (y,) 
which  is  going  to  move  up  to  the  front. 

Figure  8. 

Represents  a  company  marching  at  ease,  with  the 
route -step,  breaking  oj0f  a  file  (A,)  from  \he  left 
flank. 

Figure  9. 

Represents  a  company  whom  want  of  requisite 
breadth  of  road  obliges  tob^eak  otf  a  gtcoid  file 
(B.)  The  file  (A,)  already'  in  the  rear,  obllqufji 
the  breadth  of  one  file  to  the  right,  and  steps 
short,  in  order  to  enable  the  file  (B)  to  take  its 
place  in  front  of  the  file  (A.) 


150  EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATES, 

Figure  10. 

Represents  a  company  which,  by  the  increase  of 
breadth  of  the  road,  has  one  file  (D,)  ordered  to 
the  front.  The  last  file  (E,)  w  hich  still  remains 
in  the  rear,  obliques  at  the  same  time  to  the 
left,  in  order  to  cover  the  file  (D.)  Finally, 
the  road  continuing  to  increase  in  width,  the 
last  file  (E,)  is  ordered  to  move  up  into  line. 

Figure  11, 

Represents  a  company  meeting  with  an  obstacle 
in  front  of  i{s  right,  which  obliges  it  to  break  off 
from  the  right  (F,)  three  files,  at  once.  The 
guide  of  the  right  (G,)  inclines  to  the  left,  in 
order  to  close  in  to  the  files  which  remain 
marching  in  line. 

Figure  12. 

Represents  a  company  after  passing  the  obstacles 
when  the  three  files  (H,)  in  the  rear  are  form- 
ing up  to  the  front,  at  once.  The  guide  of  the 
right  (I,)  inclines  to  the  right  in  order  to  make 
room  for  the  files  moving  up  together  in  line- 

PLATE  IX. 

Figure  1. 

Bepresents  d  company  marchiog  in  column,  with 
the  right  iu  front, forming  platoons. 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATES.  1^1 

Note,  (a)  and  (b)  represent  the  two  platoon 
officers,  who,  on  the  first  word  of  command,  have 
moved  forward  in  front  of  the  centre  of  their  two 
platoons;  on  the  word, march,  the  second  platoon 
Diarks  the  time;  the  first  continues  to  march 
straight  forward;  and  as  soon  as  the  first  is  disen- 
gaged from  the  second,  the  second  obliques  to  the 
right,  in  order  to  be  at  platoon  distance  in  rear  of 
the  first. 

Figure  2. 

Represents  a  company  in  column  of  pIatoons> 
marching  with  the  right  in  front,  and  forming 
company. 

Note.  The  plate  shows  the  leading,  or  first  pla- 
toon, only,  obliqueing  to  the  right ;  and  when  it 
has  uncovered  the  second,  it  marks  time,  waiting 
for  the  coming  up  of  the  second,  which  has,  al- 
ways, continued  to  march  straight  forward,  per- 
pendicular to  the  front. 

Figure  3. 

Represents  a  company  supposed  composing  part 
of  a  column  with  the  right  in  front,  executing 
the  countermarch. 

Note.  The  figure  shows  the  guide  of  the  left  (a) 
who  has  faced  to  the  right-about ;  the  company, 
marches  to  the  right  flank,  and  wheels  by  files  (b) 


152  EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATES. 

successively  one  hundred  and  eighty  degrees,  or 
in  a  small  semi-circle,  to  the  left  about ;  and  whea 
the  leading  file  has  arrived  opposite  to,  and  as  far 
as  the  guide  (a)  the  company  halts,  fronts  and 
dresses  on  the  guide  (a.)  At  the  vfordy  front,  the 
covering  sergeant  (d)  occupies  the  place  of  the 
guide  of  the  left,  who  places  himself  on  the  left  of 
the  front  rank,  passing  to  his  situation  along  the 
front  of  the  company. 

The  instructor  (f)  remains  on  the   flank,  in  or- 
der to  superintend  the  execution  of  the  movement. 


I  N  D  E  X- 

PART  I. 
SQUAD  EXERCISE. 

PAGE. 

Observation  on  the  words  of  command  9 

Position  of  the  soldier  10 

To  the  right,  left,  and  right  about  face  12 
Principles  of  the  ordinary  step.  March  to  front  13 

Principles  of  the  oblique  step  14 

To  mark  time  1 6 

To  change  feet  ib» 

To  march  to  a  flank  1 7 

The  back  step  ih. 

Dressing  1^ 

Position  of  the  soldier  at  ordered  arms  20 

PART  II.  ^% 

cojmpany  exercise. 

Forming  the  company  2i: 

Principles  of  shouldered  arms  ib. 

LESSON  L 

Station  of  officers           :  26 

Station  of  aon-commissioned-office rs  2T 


154 


INDEX. 


I' 


To  open  ranks 
Arigoment  of  open  ranks 
Mdnuaf  exercise 
/To  clooe  ranks 
/  Alignment  of  closed  ranks 

LESSON  II. 


PAGE. 

29 
30 
32 
53 
ib. 


Loading  in  quick  and  quickest  time 

55 

Firinjr  hy  com|)Hny 

56 

Ind  ^jieudent  file  firing 

64 

Firing  to  the  rear 

67 

LESSON  IIL 

Marching  in  Tme 

6a 

To  halt  the  company  marching  in  line  and 

to  dress  it 

72 

Oblique  marching  in  line 

ib. 

To  oidrk  time,  to  march  in  quick  time  and 

the  back  step 

73 

To  march  in  line  with  the  rear  rank  leading 

75 

LESSON  IV. 

To  march  to  a  flank  77 

Wheeling  in  file  79 

To  halt  the  company  marching  to  a  flank,  and 

to  face  it  to  its  proper  front.  ib. 

To  form  the  company  marching  to  a  flank  by 
files,  to  the  right  flank,  if  marching  to  the 
right,  or,  by  files,  to  the  left  flauk,  if 
JBarehing  to  the  left.  *^ 


INDEX.  155 

7AGE* 

^'^he  company  marching  to  a  flank,  forming 
to  the  front,  from  file,  either  in  company 
DT  by  platoon.  B2 

LESSON  V. 

Wheelings  85 

Wheeling  forward  by  platoons  from  line  8Q 

March  in  open  column  92 
In  open  coluoin  ^>f  platoons,  wheeling  into  a 
new  direction,  on  a  moveable  pivot,  and 

turning  on  the  march  93 

To  halt  the  column  96 
When  a  column  of  platoons  wheels  to  the  left 

or  right,  into  line  97- 

LESSON  VL 

To  break  off  files,  and  to  move  them  up  a- 

gain  to  the  front  101 
To  march  in  column  of  route,  and  to  execute 
the  various  tile  movements   prescribed 

above  105 

Breaking  and  forming  company  on  the  march  lOS 

Countermurch  111 
To  forni  to  either  flank  from  open  column  of 

platoons  113 

Manual  exercise  of  the  sergeants  1 1 7 

Manual  exercise  of  the  corporals  122 

Sword  manual  of  the  officer*  ib. 


156  INDEX. 

PAGE. 

Sword  salute,  whetherinthe  ranks  or  marching  122 
Saluio  by  the  colours  123 

Appendix  125 

Formation  of  a  regiment  in  the  order  of  bat- 
tle, or  line  ib. 
Situations  of  the  company  ofScers,  and  non- 
commissioned officer*,  in  the  order  of 
batlle,  and  line.                                            128 
Situation  of  the  tielO  uffioorc  and  regimental 

Ptaff  rn    line  ib. 

Posts  of  the  drummers  £nd  musicians  in  line  129 
Post?  of  the  pioneers  ib. 

Colourr>  anl  coiour-guard  ib. 

PoJiion  of  the  battalion  officers  when  march- 

in.i;  in  column  130 

Form(*tion  and  order  of  a  party  to  escort  the 

colours  131 

Reviev/  of  parade  133- 

Review  of  Insptclion  137 

Explanation  of  the  plates  139 


^: 


/ 


V;    / 


K   ' 


^!  1/ 


S<J,oo/   o/'/Ar   ,Vo/i/tr7- 


v\^.i 


c>i 


I^o. 


w 


>... 


n 


]/ 


Hi 


Z^-:^^ 


■■^•i 


•^- 


Mj 

m)  ^ 

}X^   i 

i 

^ 

,   \ 

/0<:) 

.<#^   i 

''^■'>% 

I'l 

f ;-:  :•,           ;  ■ 

M  'V 


■\'/r,or     .-/      //.  ^• 


^^^^^^-^ff  if  Sill 


Kg.  2. 


F.o  .3. 


ft: 


Pldl. 


;  „> 


Sr/fatt/  (>/'  ^///     '^'pt/t/n/ft'/ 


\ 


V\'^.:',.   \f^       :,ce 


"i 


A^ 

r 


k       ''^ 


,«^.2. 


Firt.l, 


bJl"  *Ca 


'    •   it*    •   •         '•- 


,Sr/inr^     qj^     f/,^     /ygfoo/j 


Pig.i. 


U-fcH-'iilllLll^ti-il  jJL  14IUII 


A  A 


/^^ 


3^ 


c 


(la  j^ 


i^LLx/i-uxn-r^ 


V 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 
BERKELEY 

Return  to  desk  from  which  borrowed. 
This  book  is  DUE  on  the  last  date  stamped  below. 


1  126817    ^ 
RECEfVEb 


MAY  18 '68 -5 


LOAN  DEPT. 


PM 


l-100m-9,'47(A5702sl6)476 


Ml6v?^35 


C4/2tB 


THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  CAUFORNIA  LIBRARY 


/ 


r 


